Education

Biography

Xiaoming Zhang completed his Ph.D in ship engineering and acoustics from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1990. He completed postdoctoral training at the Department of Acoustics, Harbin Engineering University, China, and Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, England. He was promoted to full professor in 1995 at Huazhong University. In 2001, He joined one of the best ultrasound research laboratories at Mayo Clinic and has become Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering since 2004.

Research Interest

Dr. Xiaoming Zhang, research interests are in biomedical engineering, biomechanics, ultrasound, acoustics, elastography, imaging, instrumentation, clinical translational research, noninvasive techniques for assessing tissue disease. He has developed novel techniques using ultrasound, acoustics and optics to measure tissue elasticity noninvasively. These approaches have substantial potential for clinical use in assessing tissue diseases in a safe, noninvasive, quantitative, and cost-effective manner. He has set up strong multidisciplinary collaborations with physicians in a range of fields (Pulmonary Medicine, Cardiovascular disease, Orthopedics, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Rheumatology, and Surgery).

Scientific Activities

Previous Professional Positions and Major Appointments

Publications

Peer-reviewed Articles

1. Zhang XM, Zhang WH. The reduction of vibrational energy flow in a periodically supported beam. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1991; 151:1-7.
2. Mead DJ, White RG, Zhang XM. Power transmission in a periodically supported infinite beam excited at a single point. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1994; 169:558-61.
3. Li TI, Zhang XM. The coupled longitudinal-flexural wave and power flow of a curved free beam [Chinese]. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 1995; 23(No.3):89-93.
4. Li TI, Zhang XM. The vibration wave and power flow in a periodical simply supported curved beam [Chinese]. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 1995; 24(No.9):112-5.
5. Xu MB, Zhang XM. The control of wall joint on the coupled wave propagation in a fluid-filled shell [Chinese]. Journal of Vibration Engineering. 1996; 9:389-94.
6. Xu MB, Zhang XM. The effects of the wall joint on the wave propagation in cylindrical shells [Chinese]. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 1996; 24(No.2):72-5.
7. Xu MB, Zhang XM. Characteristics of wave propagation and vibrational power flow in a fluid-filled cylindrical shell [Chinese]. Journal of Vibration Engineering. 1997; 10:230-5.
8. Zuo Y, Zhang XM. Dispersion characteristics of an infinite thin cylindrical shell immersed in acoustic medium. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 1997; 25(No.6):37-9.
9. Li TY, Zhang XM. Mobility Power flow analysis on a L-shaped stiffened plates. Journal of Vibration Engineering. 1997; 10:112-7.
10. Li TY, Zhang XM. Power flow analysis of beam-beam raft isolations [Chinese]. Journal of Vibration and Shock. 1997; 16:30-4.
11. Li TY, Zhang XM. Structural power flow analysis for a floating raft isolation system consisting of constrained damped beams. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1997; 202:47-54.
12. Xu MB, Zhang XM. The vibrational energy flow in a cylindrical shell filled with fluid [Chinese]. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 1997; 25(No.2):85-7.
13. Li TI, Zhang XM. Vibrational power flow analysis on combined plates partially covered layer of discontinuous material [Chinese]. Acta Acustica. 1997; 22(No.3).
14. Xu MB, Zhang XM. Vibration power flow in a fluid-filled cylindrical shell. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1998; 218:587-98.
15. Xu MB, Zhang XM. Forced vibrational power flow input and transmission in a fluid-filled shell. Chinese Journal of Acoustics. 1999; 18(No.2):152-62.
16. Xu MB, Zhang XM, Zhang WH. Space-harmonic analysis of input power flow in a periodically stiffened shell filled with fluid. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1999; 222(4):531-46.
17. Xu MB, Zhang XM, Zhang WH. The effect of wall joint on the vibrational power flow propagation in a fluid- filled shell. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1999; 224(3):395-410.
18. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY. Coupled vibration analysis of fluid-filled cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach. Appl Acoust. 2001; 62:229-43.
19. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY. Frequency analysis of cylindrical panels using a wave propagation approach. Appl Acoust. 2001; 62:527-43.
20. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY. The effects of baffles and end-caps on coupled vibration and sound radiation of finite cylindrical shells. International Journal of Engineering Simulation. 2001; 2(No.2).
21. Zhang XM. Vibration analysis of cross-ply laminated composite cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach. Appl Acoust. 2001; 62(No. 11):1221-8.
22. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY. Vibration analysis of thin cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2001; 239(3):397-403.
23. Zhang XM, Li W, Liu GR. A new technique in ramp response for acoustic imaging of underwater objects. Appl Acoust. 2002; 63:453-65.
24. Zhang XM. Parametric analysis of frequency of rotating laminated composite cylindrical shells with the wave propagation approach. Comput Methods Appl Mech and Engin. 2002; 191: 2029-43.
25. Zhang X, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF. Vibro-acoustography for modal analysis of arterial vessels Proceedings - International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging. 2002; 2002:513-6. DOI: 10.1109/ISBI.2002.1029307
26. Zhang XM. Parametric studies of coupled vibration of cylindrical pipes conveying fluid with the wave propagation approach. Comput Struct. 2002 Feb; 80(3-4):287-95. PMID: 0
27. Zhang XM. Reply to "comments on vibration analysis of thin cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach." Journal of Sound & Vibration. 2002 Jun 20; 253(5):1140-2. PMID: 0
28. Zhang XM. Frequency analysis of submerged cylindrical shells with the wave propagation approach. Int J Med Sci. 2002 Jul; 44(7):1259-73. PMID: 0
29. Zhang XM, Fatemi M, Kinnick RR, Greenleaf JF. A model for vibration transmission of light-heavy structures. Appl Acoust. 2003 Feb; 64(2):213-27. PMID: 0
30. Li W, Liu GR, Zhang XM. Size identification of underwater objects from backscattering signals of arbitrary looking angles. Journal of Computational Acoustics. 2004; 12(No. 3):301-17.
31. Zhang XM, Kinnick RR, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF. Experimental study of resonant frequency of thick rubber tubes. Journal of Sound & Vibration. 2004 Jun 7; 273(3):677-80. PMID: 0
32. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF. Noninvasive method for estimation of complex elastic modulus of arterial vessels. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2005 Apr; 52: (4)642-52. PMID: 16060513
33. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Noninvasive estimation of local elastic modulus of arteries with the ring resonance measurement. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. 2006; 1:1161-4.
34. Zhang XM, Greenleaf JF. Resonance of rubber tubes generated by air force ultrasound transducers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division (Publication) BED. 2006.
35. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Noninvasive generation and measurement of propagating waves in arterial walls. J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Feb; 119: (2)1238-43. PMID: 16521784
36. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. The stiffening of arteries by the tissue-mimicking gelatin. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2006 Aug; 53 (8):1534-9 PMID: 16921906
37. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Measurement of wave velocity in arterial walls with ultrasound transducers. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006 Nov; 32: (11)1655-60. PMID: 17112952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.04.004
38. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Estimation of complex arterial elastic modulus from ring resonance excited by ultrasound radiation force. Ultrasonics. 2006 Dec 22; 44 Suppl 1:e169-72. PMID: 16860364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.06.056
39. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Generation of a torsion wave and measuring its propagation velocity in the circumferential direction of arterial wall. Ultrasonics. 2006 Dec 22; 44 Suppl 1:e165-8. PMID: 16860360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.06.054
40. Zhang X, Zeraati M, Kinnick RR, Greenleaf JF, Fatemi M. Vibration mode imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2007 Jun; 26(6):843-52. PMID: 17679335 DOI: 10.1109/TMI.2007.895463
41. Zhang XM, Greenleaf JF. An anisotropic model for frequency analysis of arterial walls with the wave propagation approach. Applied Acoustics. 2007 Sep; 68(9):953-69. PMID: 0
42. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Greenleaf JF. Air-coupled ultrasound stimulated optical vibrometry for resonance analysis of rubber tubes. Ultrasonics. 2009 Jan; 49: (1)26-30. PMID: 18499208 PMCID: 2614219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.04.003
43. * Qiang B, Greenleaf JF, Zhang X. Measuring the speed of surface waves in a two-layer gelatin phantom in water. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. 2010; 1027-30.
44. Zhang X, Qiang B, Hubmayr RD, Greenleaf JF. Preliminary study of human lung elasticity with the noninvasive surface wave technique. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. 2010; 1153-5.
45. Qiang B, Greenleaf J, Zhang X. Quantifying viscoelasticity of gelatin phantoms by measuring impulse response using compact optical sensors. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2010 Jul; 57 (7):1696 -700
46. Qiang B, Greenleaf J, Zhang X. A noninvasive surface wave method for measuring the complex modulus of viscoelastic tissues. Proceedings - 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Computation and Bio- Medical Instrumentation, ICBMI 2011. 2011; 275-8.
47. Qiang B, Greenleaf J, Oyen M, Zhang X. Estimating material elasticity by shperical indentation load- relaxation tests on viscoelastic samples of finite thickness. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. 2011; 57(7):1418-1429.
48. Zhang X, Osborn TG, Pittelkow MR, Qiang B, Kinnick RR, Greenleaf JF. Quantitative assessment of scleroderma by surface wave technique. Med Eng Phys. 2011 Jan; 33: (1)31-7. PMID: 20888282 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.08.016
49. Zhang X, Qiang B, Greenleaf J. Comparison of the surface wave method and the indentation method for measuring the elasticity of gelatin phantoms of different concentrations. Ultrasonics. 2011 Feb; 51: (2)157- 64. PMID: 20800256 PMCID: 2991372
50. Zhang X, Qiang B, Hubmayr RD, Urban MW, Kinnick R, Greenleaf JF. Noninvasive ultrasound image guided surface wave method for measuring the wave speed and estimating the elasticity of lungs: A feasibility study. Ultrasonics. 2011 Apr; 51: (3)289-95. PMID: 20971489
51. Qiang B, Greenleaf J, Oyen M, Zhang X. Estimating material elasticity by spherical indentation load- relaxation tests on viscoelastic samples of finite thickness. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2011 Jul; 58: (7)1418-29. PMID: 21768026
52. Wang Y, Qiang B, Zhang X, Greenleaf JF, An KN, Amadio PC, Zhao C. A non-invasive technique for estimating carpal tunnel pressure by measuring shear wave speed in tendon: a feasibility study. J Biomech. 2012 Nov 15; 45: (16)2927-30. PMID: 23031416
53. Urban MW, Lopera M, Aristizabal S, Amador C, Nenadic I, Kinnick RR, Weston A, Qiang B, Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Characterization of transverse isotropy in compressed tissue mimicking phantoms. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. 2015; 62(6):1036-1046.
54. Qiang B, Brigham JC, Aristizabal S, Greenleaf JF, Zhang X, Urban MW. Modeling transversely isotropic, viscoelastic, incompressible tissue-like materials with application in ultrasound shear wave elastography. Phys Med Biol. 2015 Feb 07; 60: (3)1289-306. PMID: 25591921 PMCID: 4314720 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/3/1289
55. Zhang X, Meixner D, Kinnick R, Osborn T, Barthalmai B, Greenleaf J, Kalra S. Lung ultrasound surface wave elastography IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS. 2016; 2016-November:7728512.
56. Zhang X, McLaren J, Kazemi A, Lin SC, Pruet CM, Sit AJ. Ultrasound surface wave elastography of the living human eye IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS. 2016; 2016-November:7728510.
57. Zielinski MD, Kuntz M, Zhang X, Zagar AE, Khasawneh MA, Zendejas B, Polites SF, Ferrara M, Harmsen WS, Ballman KS, Park MS, Schiller HJ, Dries D, Jenkins DH. Botulinum toxin A-induced paralysis of the lateral abdominal wall after damage-control laparotomy: A multi-institutional, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Feb; 80 (2):237-42 PMID: 26813298 PMCID: 4730909
58. Zhang X, Osborn T, Kalra S. A noninvasive ultrasound elastography technique for measuring surface waves on the lung. Ultrasonics. 2016 Sep; 71:183-188
59. Zhang X. Identification of the Rayleigh surface waves for estimation of viscoelasticity using the surface wave elastography technique. J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Nov; 140: (5)3619.
60. Zhang X. A surface wave elastography technique for measuring tissue viscoelastic properties. Med Eng Phys. 2017 Apr; 42:111-115
61. Kubo K, Zhou B, Cheng YS, Yang TH, Qiang B, An KN, Moran SL, Amadio PC, Zhang X, Zhao C. Ultrasound elastography for carpal tunnel pressure measurement: A cadaveric validation study. J Orthop Res. 2017 Jul 21; PMID: 28731271
62. Zhang ,X, Osborn ,T, Zhou, B , Meixner, D , Kinnick, R , Bartholmai ,B, Greenleaf ,J, Kalra ,S. Lung ultrasound surface wave elastography: A pilot clinical study Transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control.2017;64:(9):1298-1304.
63. Kashani KB, Mao SA, Safadi S, Amiot BP, Glorioso JM, Lieske JC, Nyberg SL, Zhang X. Association between kidney intracapsular pressure and ultrasound elastography. Crit Care. 2017 Oct 19; 21 (1):251
64. Sit AJ, Lin SC, Kazemi A, McLaren JW, Pruet CM, Zhang X. In Vivo Noninvasive Measurement of Young's Modulus of Elasticity in Human Eyes: A Feasibility Study. J Glaucoma. 2017 Nov; 26 (11):967-973
65. Zhou B, Sit AJ, Zhang X. Noninvasive measurement of wave speed of porcine cornea in ex vivo porcine eyes for various intraocular pressures. Ultrasonics. 2017 Nov; 81:86-92
66. Kubo K, Cheng YS, Zhou B, An KN, Moran SL, Amadio PC, Zhang X, Zhao C. The quantitative evaluation of the relationship between the forces applied to the palm and carpal tunnel pressure. J Biomech. 2018 Jan 3; 66:170-174
67. Zhang X, Zhou B, Kalra S, Bartholmai B, Greenleaf J, Osborn T. An Ultrasound Surface Wave Technique for Assessing Skin and Lung Diseases. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2018 Feb; 44 (2):321-331
68. Zhang X. A noninvasive surface wave technique for measuring finger's skin stiffness. J Biomech. 2018 Feb 8; 68:115-119

Non-Peer-reviewed Articles

1. Zhang XM, Zhang WH.Vibratinal power flow in a cylindrical shell. ASME PVP. 1990; 187:23-8.
2. Zhang XM, Zhang WH.Vibrational power flow in a periodically supported beam excited by a force at any position. ASME PVP. 1990; 87:83-6.
3. Zhang WH, Zhang XM.Vibrational power flow in a cylindrical shell with periodic stiffeners. ASME PVP. 1991; 214:161-6.
4. Zhang XM, Zhang WH.Wave propagation and vibrational power flow in a cylindrical shell periodically coated with viscoelastic materials. ASME PVP. 1991; 214:147-51.
5. Zhang XM, HE ZY.Vibrational power flow in and sound radiation from a cylindrical shell immersed in acoustic medium. ASME PVP. 1992; 229:107-11.
6. Zhang XM, White RG.Vibrational power input to a cylindrical shell due to point force excitation. 4th International Congress on Intensity Techniques, France. 1993; 1993:225-62.
7. Zhang XM, White RG.On cut-off frequency of wave propagation in cylindrical shells. Proceedings of the International Conference on Vibration Engineering, China. 1994:847-850.
8. Li TY, Zhang XM.Structural power flow for a floating raft isolation system consisting of constrained damped beams. Proceedings of International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Vibration, Noise and Control, Hong Kong. 1995:11701175.
9. Xu MB, Zhang XM.The effect of wall discontinuities on the wave propagation in fluid-filled elastic cylindrical shell. Proceedings of International Conference on Structural Dynamics Vibration, Noise and Control, Hong Kong. 1995:496-501.
10. Zuo Y, Zhang XM.Vibrational power input in an underwater cylindrical shell by force excitations [Chinese]. Proceedings of the 6th National Conference of Vibration Theory and Applications. 1997:41-4.
11. Xu MB, Zhang XM.Effect of an internal flow on the input power flow of a thin cylindrical shell filled with fluid. ASME-OMAE'98 1998.
12. Xu MB, Zhang XM.On the characteristics of wave propagation in a thin cylindrical shell filled with fluid in terms of the vibration power flow. ASME-OMAE'98 1998.
13. Xu MB, Zhang XM.Space-harmonic analysis of fluid-loaded shells with periodical ring stiffeners. ASME- OMAE'98 1998.
14. Lee KL, Tessa G, Hung KC, Zhang XM.Underwater acoustics design and synthesis of naval vessels. Naval Platform Technology Seminar 98, 1998 Oct:3-1-16.
15. Liu GR, Cai C, Zhang XM, Lam KY.Effects of Piezocomposite coating on sound radiation and scattering by a submerged cylindrical structure. 70th Shock and Vibration Symposium, USA. 1999.
16. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY, Tessa G.On the ratio of coupled and uncoupled natural frequencies and sound radiation of finite submerged cylindrical shells. Proceedings of the ASIA-PACIFIC Vibration Conference 99, Singapore, 1999:48-52.
17. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY.Active control of sound radiation from engine mounted plates with piezoelectric actuators. Internoise. 2000, France, 2000.
18. Zhang XM, Cai C, Hung KC.Shape identification of underwater objects with the ramp response techniques. IHPC-ONR Seminar, USA, 2000.
19. Zhang XM, Liu GR, Lam KY.Simulation of vibration and acoustic radiation of finite underwater cylindrical shells. Dynamics Acoustics and Simulations, 2000 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Florida, USA, 2000; DE-Vol 108(DSC-Vol 68).
20. Zhang XM, Li W, Cai C, Hung KC, Liu GR.Acoustic imaging of underwater objects. Naval Platform Technology Seminar, Singapore, 2001.
21. Cai C, Zhang XM, Li W, Loh G.Computational acoustic imaging technique-ramp response and approximate limiting surface. IHPC Symposium, Singapore, 2001.
22. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF.Excitation and measurement of flexural waves in arterial vessels. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, Honolulu, HI. 2003 Oct 5-8:1883-6.
23. Zhang X, Fatemi M, Kinnick RR, Greenleaf JF.Modal analysis of a mechanical heart valve by vibro- acoustography. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, Honolulu, HI. 2003 Oct 5-8:1392-5.
24. Zhang X, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF.A new imaging method for arterial tubes based on vibration measurement. Proceedings of the ASME IMECE, Washington, DC,. 2003 Nov 15-21.
25. Zhang X, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF.Frequency dispersion of wave velocity in arterial vessels. 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: Nano to Macro. 2004:1347-50.
26. Fatemi M, Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.Using the radiation force of ultrasound to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of tissue. SIAM Annual Meeting Portland, Oregon, 2004 Jul 12-16.
27. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Fatemi M, Greenleaf JF.Comparison of ultrasound radiation force and fluid pressure generated waves in arterial vessels. Proceedings of. 2004 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2004 Aug 24-7:1243-6.
28. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.Generation of ring resonant mode for measuring artery elastic modulus. Medical Imaging, 2005 SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering) International Symposium, San Diego, California, 2005 Feb 12-7.
29. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.Using the tissue independent ring resonance for measuring arterial wall elastic modulus. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul, Korea. 2006 Aug 27-Sep 1.
30. Greenleaf JF, Zhang X, Pislaru C.Use of radiation force to measure arterial properties. 29th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging, Japan. 2007 Apr 16-19.
31. Zhang X, Kinnick R, Greenleaf GF.Further investigation of ring resonance in estimation of local elasticity of arteries. IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, New York. 2007 Oct 28-31.
32. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.Measurement of arterial wave velocity with ultrasound. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Seattle, Washington, 2007 Nov 11-15.
33. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Pittelkow MR, Greenleaf JF.Skin viscoelasticity with surface wave method. 2008 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. 2008:651-653.
34. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Greenleaf JF.Viscoelasticity of lung tissue with surface wave method. 2008 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. 2008:21-23.
35. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.A method for measuring wave speed dispersion in arteries for resonance. Proceedings of the ASME Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition. 2009:10508(pp 1-3).
36. * Qiang B, Zhang X, Greenleaf J.Estimation of skin elasticity by measuring surface wave velocity under impulse stimulus using compact optical sensors. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. 2009:5441574.
37. Zhang X, Kinnick RR, Pittelkow MR, Osborn TG, Greenleaf JF.Noninvasive surface wave method for measuring skin viscoelasticity. Proceedings of the ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference. 2009, SBC2009 2009(Part B):681-2.
38. Zhang X, Qiang B, Urban MW, Kinnick R, Hubmayr R, Greenleaf JF.Quantitative surface wave method for measuring local viscoelasticity of lungs. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. 2009; 5441822.
39. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.Theoretical and experimental studies on group velocity for estimating the elasticity of arteries. Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. 2009:5441406.
40. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF.A method for measuring wave speed dispersion in arteries by resonance. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings. 2010; 2:453-5.

Book Chapters

1. Zhang X, Greenleaf JF. Non-invasive method for measuring local viscoelasticity of arterial vessels. In: Fatemi M, Al-Jumaily A. Biomedical Applications of Vibration and Acoustic in Imaging and Characterizations New York, NY: ASME Press; 2008. p. 211-220.
2. Greenleaf JF, Urban MW, Zhang X, Chen S. Ultrasonics viscoelastic tissue measurements. In: Blumel D, Malmoli S, Netting J. McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2009. p. 406-408.