Education

Biography

Chuck Larson and his lab study the neural mechanisms controlling the voice and the larynx. They have found that when people hear their own voice through earphones, and when the voice pitch through the earphones is unexpectedly changed upwards or downwards, people automatically adjust the pitch of their voice. This phenomenon indicates that there is a close coupling between the auditory system's monitoring of voice and the motor system for adjusting the laryngeal system for voice output. Our recent research has focused on the brain mechanisms underlying the interaction between auditory feedback and voice control. We use EEG and fMRI techniques along with connectivity modeling to identify the timing and interactions between the various brain locations involved in these processes.

Research Interest

My research involves the study of how auditory feedback is used to control the voice. Our methods are both behavioral and neurobiological. In the behavior studies, subjects vocalize and hear their voice fedback to them over headphones. We change the pitch or loudness of their voice and measure how their vocal output compensates for the change in feedback. For the neurobiological studies, we record EEG signals or do fMRI neuroimaging during the behavioral studies.

Scientific Activities:

Positions and Honors

Publications

1. Roberts, C. and Larson, C.R. Shock history and adaptation as parameters of elicited aggression in rats. The Psych. Rec. 1967, 17, 425-428.
2. Larson, C.R., Sutton, D., Taylor, E.M. and Burns, J.D. Visual evoked potential changes in hyperbaric atmospheres. Technical Report No. 71-02. ONR Contract No. N-0014-68-A-0150. Project No. NR 196-077, 1971 Sutton, D., Larson, C.R., and Farrell, D.M. Cricothyroid motor units. ActaOtol, 1972, 74, 145-151.
3. Sutton, D., Larson, C.R., Taylor, E.M., and Lindeman, R.C. Vocalization in rhesus monkeys: conditionability. Brain Res., 1973, 52, 225-231.
4. Larson, C.R., Sutton, D., Taylor, E.M., and Lindeman, R.C. Sound spectral properties of conditioned vocalization in monkeys. Phonetica, 1973, 27,100-110.
5. Sutton, D., Larson, C.R., and Lindeman, R.C. Neocortical and limbic lesion effects on primate phonation. Brain Res., 1974, 71, 61-75.
6. Larson, C.R., Sutton, D., and Abbs, J.H. Invited review of Philip Lieberman's The speech of Primates. Phonetica, 1974, 176-180.
7. Larson, C.R., Sutton, D. and Lindeman, R.C. Muscle spindles in nonhuman primate laryngeal muscles. Folia Primatol., 1974,22,315-323.
8. Larson, C.R. Effects of Cerebellar Lesions on Conditioned Monkey Phonation. PhD. Dissertation, University of Washington, 1975.
9. Taylor, E.M., Sutton, D., Larson, C.R., Smith, O.A., and Lindeman, R.C. Sudden death in infant primates from induced laryngeal occlusion. Arch Oto. 1976, 102, 291-296.
10. Sutton, D., Larson, C.R., Lovell, M.E. and Lindeman, R.C. Facial muscle innervation in cebid (New World) monkeys via a ramus communicating with the trigeminal nerve. Arch. Oral Biol., 1977, 22, 59-64.
11. Sutton, D., Larson, C.R., Taylor, E.M. and Lindeman, R.C. Isometric force control by human tongue and forefinger. Arch. Oral Biol., 1977, 22, 33-36.
12. Larson, C.R. and Sutton, D. Effects of cerebellar lesions on monkey jaw force control: implications for understyanding ataxic dysarthria. J. Speech Hear. Res., 1978, 21, 309-323.
13. Folkins, J.W. and Larson, C.R. In search of a tonic vibration reflex in the human lip. Brain Res., 1978, 151, 409-412.
14. Larson, C.R. and Sutton, D. Peri-oral reflexes in the conscious monkey (Macacamulatta). Arch. Oral Biol., 1978, 23, 865-869.
15. Larson, C.R., Folkins, J.W., McClean, M.D. and Muller, E.M. Sensitivity of the human perioral reflex to parameters of mechanical stretch. Brain Res. 1978, 146, 159-164.
16. Larson, C.R., Sutton, D., and Lindeman, R.C., Cerebellar regulation of phonation in rhesus monkey (Macacamulatta). Exp. Brain Res., 1978, 33, 1-18.
17. McClean, M.D., Folkins, J.W. and Larson, C.R. The role of the perioral reflex in lip motor control for speech. Brain and Lang., 1979, 7, 42-61.
18. Cooker, H.S., Larson, C.R. and Luschei, E.S. Evidence that the human jaw stretch reflex increases the resistance of the mandible to small displacements. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 1980, 308, 61-78.
19. Larson, C.R., Byrd, K.E., Garthwaite, C.G. and Luschei, E.Z. Alterations in the pattern of mastication after ablations of the lateral precentral cortex in rhesus macaques. Exp. Neurol, 1980, 70, 638-651.
20. Sapir, S., Campbell, C. and Larson, C. Effect of geniohyoid, cricothyroid and sternothyroid muscle stimulation on voice fundamental frequency of electrically elicited phonation in rhesus macaque. Laryngoscope, 1981, 91, 457-468.
21. Larson, C.R., Smith, A. and LuscheI, E.S. Discharge characteristics and stretch-sensitivity of jaw muscle afferents in the monkey during controlled isomteric bites. J. Neurophysiol., 1981, 46, 130-142.
22. Sapir, S., McClean, M.D. and Larson, C.R. Human laryngeal responses to auditory stimulation. JASA, 198l, 73, 315-321.
23. Larson, C.R., Finocchio, D.V., Smith, A. and Luschei, E.S. Jaw muscle afferent firing during an isotonic jaw-positioning task in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol., 1983, 50, 61-73.
24. Larson, C.R. and Kistler, M.K. Periaqueductal gray neuronal activity associated with laryngeal EMG and vocalization in the awake monkey. Neurosci. Let. 1984, 46, 261-266.
25. Larson, C.R. The midbrain periaqueductal gray: a brainstem structure involved in vocalization. J. Speech and Hear. Res. 1985, 23, 241-249.
26. Larson, C.R. and Kistler, M.K. The relationship of periaqueductal gray neurons to vocalization and laryngeal EMG in the behaving monkey. Exp. Brain Res., 1986, 63, 596-606.
27. Larson, C.R., Kempster, G.B. and Kistler, M.K. Changes in voice fundamental frequency following discharge of single motor units in cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles. J. Speech Hear. Res., 1987, 30, 552-558.
28. Kempster, G.B, Larson, C.R. and Kistler, M.K. Effects of electrical stimulation of cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles on voice fundamental frequency. J. of Voice, 1988, 2, 221-229.
29. Larson, C.R. Brain mechanisms involved in the control of vocalization. J. of Voice, 1988, 2,301-311.
30. McLean-Muse, A., Larson, C.R. and Gregory, H.H. Stutterers' and nonstutterers' voice fundamental frequency changes in response to auditory stimuli. J. Speech Hear. Res., 1988, 31, 549-555.
31. Wohlert, A.B. & Larson, C.R. Cerebral averaged potentials preceding oral movement. J. Speech Hear. Res., 1991, 34, 1387-1396.
32. Larson, C.R. On the relation of PAG neurons to laryngeal and respiratory muscles during vocalization in the monkey. Brain Research, 1991, 552, 77-86.
33. West, R. and Larson, C.R. Laryngeal and respiratory activity during vocalization in Macaque monkeys. J. Voice, 1993, 7, 54-68
34. Yajima, Y. & Larson, C.R. Multifunctional Properties of AmbiguusMotoneurons identified electrophysiologically During Vocalization in the Awake monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1993, 70, 529-540.
35. Larson, C.R., Yajima, Y., Ko, P. Activity of respiratory-related neurons in nucleus ambiguus in the awake, vocalizing monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1994, 71, 2294-2304.
36. Fujiu, M., Toleikis, J.R., Logemann, J.A. and Larson, C.R. Glossopharyngeal evoked potentials in normal subjects following mechanical stimulation of the anterior faucial pillar. Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 1994, 92, 183-195.
37. Reimers-Neils, L., Logemann, J., & Larson, C. Viscosity effects on EMG activity in normal swallow. Dysphagia, 1994, 9, 101-106.
38. Chiao, E.Z., Larson, C.R., Yajima, Y. &Ko, P. Swallowing-related neuronal discharge from nucleus ambiguus in awake monkeys. Exp. Brain Res., 1994, 100, 29-38.
39. Kobara-Mates, M., Logemann, J.A., Larson, C. and Kahrilas, P.J. Physiology of oropharyngeal swallow in the cat: a videofluoroscopic and electromyographic study. The American Journal of Physiology, 1995, 268, G232-G241.
40. West, R.A. and Larson, C.R. Neurons of the Anterior Mesial Cortex Related to Faciovocal Behavior in the Awake Monkey.  Journal of Neurophysiology, 74 (5), 1156-1169, 1995.
41. Burnett, T. A. ,Senner, J.E. & Larson, C.R. Voice F0 responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback: A preliminary study. J. Voice 11 (2), 202-211, 1997.
42. Theresa A Burnett, Marcia B. Freedland, Charles R. Larson, Timothy C. Hain. Voice F0 Responses to Manipulations in Pitch Feedback. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103, 3153-3161, 1998.
43. Murray, K.A., Larson, C.R. and Logemann, J.A. Electromyographic response of the labial muscles during normal liquid swallows using a spoon, a straw, and a cup. Dysphagia, 13, 160-166, 1998.
44. Larson, C.R. Cross-modality influences in speech motor control: The use of pitch shifting for the study of F0 control. Journal of Communication Disorders. 31, 489-503, 1998.
45. Hain, T C, Burnett, T A., Kiran, S. , Larson, C. R., Singh, S. and Kenney, M.K. Instructing Subjects to Make a Voluntary Response Reveals the Presence of Two Components to the Audio – Vocal Reflex, (Experimental Brain Research, 130, 133-141, 2000).
46. Larson, C.R., Burnett, T.A., Kiran, S., Kenney, M.K., Hain, T.C.Effects of pitch-shift velocity on voice F0 responses. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 101 (1), 559-564, 2000.
47. Lazarus, C.L., Logemann, J.A., Pauloski, B.R., Rademaker, A.W., Larson, C.R., Mittal, B.B. & Pierce, M. Swallowing and tongue function following treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res., 43, 1011-1023, 2000.
48.  Sapir, S., Baker, K. K., Larson, C. R., and Ramig, L. O. (2000). "Short-latency changes in voice f0 and neck surface emg induced by mechanical perturbations of the larynx during sustained vowel phonation," 43, 268-276.
49. Kiran, S. & Larson, C.R. Effect of duration of pitch-shifted feedback on vocal responses in Parkinson’s Disease patients and normal controls. (Journal of Speech/Language hearing Research, 44, 2001).
50. Larson, C.R., Burnett, T.A., Bauer, J.J., Kiran, S. & Hain T.C.  Comparison of voice F0 responses to pitch-shift onset and offset conditions.  J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 110 (6), 2845-2848, 2001.
51. Hain, T.C., Burnett, T.A., Larson, C.R., and Kiran, S. T.C. Effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on the pitch-shift reflex J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 109 (5), 2146-2152, 2001.
52. Ding, R., Larson, C., and Logemann, J. A. (2002).  Surface electromyographic and electroglottographic studies in normal subjects under two swallow conditions:  Normal and during the Mendelsohn maneuver.  Dysphagia, 17, 1-12. 
53. Burnett, T.A. & Larson, C.R.  Early pitch-shift response is active in both steady and dynamic voice pitch control. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112 (3), 1058-1063, 2002.
54. Bauer, Jay J. and Larson, C.R. Audio-vocal responses to repetitive pitch-shift stimulation during a sustained vocalization: Improvements in methodology for the pitch-shifting technique. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 (2), 1048-1054, 2003.
55. Leydon, Ciara, Bauer, Jay J. & Larson, Charles R. The role of auditory feedback in sustaining vocal vibrato. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 (3), 1575-1581, 2003.
56. Xu, Yi, Larson, Charles, Bauer, Jay, Hain, Timothy. Compensation for pitch-shifted auditory feedback during the production of Mandarin tone sequences. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116 (2), 1168-1178, 2004.
57. Sivasankar, M., Bauer, J.J., Babu, T, Larson, C.R. Voice responses to changes in pitch of voice or tone auditory feedback. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 117 (2), 850-857, 2005.
58. Bauer, J.J., Mittal, J., Larson, C.R. Hain, T.C. Vocal responses to unanticipated perturbations in voice loudness feedback: An automatic mechanism for stabilizing voice amplitude. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119 (4), 2363-2371, 2006.
59. Chen, S.H., Liu, H., Xu, Y., Larson, C.R. Voice F0 Responses to Pitch-Shifted Voice Feedback During English Speech. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 (2), 1157-1163, 2007.
60. Larson, C. R., Sun, J. and Hain, T. C. Effects of simultaneous perturbation of voice pitch and loudness feedback on voice F0 and amplitude control. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 (5), 2862-2872, 2007.
61. Liu, H., Zhang, Q., Xu, Y. and Larson, C.R. Compensatory responses to loudness-shifted voice feedback during production of Mandarin speech. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122 (4), 2405-2412, 2007.
62. Liu, H. and Larson, C.R. Effects of perturbation magnitude and voice F0 level on the pitch-shift reflex. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122 (6), 3671 – 3677, 2007.
63. Russo, N. M., Larson, C., Kraus, N. Audio-Vocal System Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Exp. Brain Res, 188, 111-2124, 2008.PMCID: PMC2774799
64. Larson, C.R., Altman, K.W., Liu, H., Hain.  T.C. Interactions between auditory and somatosensory feedback for voice F0 control, Exp. Brain Res, 187, 613-621, 2008.PMCID:PMC2763543
65. Liu, H., Xu, Y., Larson, C.R. Attenuation of vocal responses to pitch perturbations during Mandarin speech, J.  Acoust. Soc. Am., 125, 2299-2306, 2009. PMCID:PMC2677266
66. Behroozmand, R., Karvelis, L., Liu, H. and Larson, C. R. Vocalization-induced enhancement of the auditory cortex responsiveness during voice F0 feedback perturbation. Clinical Neurophysiology, Volume 120, Issue 7, July 2009, Pages 1303-1312.PMCID:PMC2710429
67. Liu, H., Auger, J. and Larson, C.R. Voice fundamental frequency modulates vocal response to pitch perturbations during English speech. , J.  Acoust. Soc. Am. EL,127 (1), 2010. PMCID:PMC2803714
68. Liu, H., Russo, N.M. and Larson, C.R. Age-related differences in vocal responses to pitch feedback perturbations: A preliminary study. J.  Acoust. Soc. Am., 127 (2), 1042-1046, 2010. PMCID:PMC2830265
69. Liu, H., Behroozmand, R., Larson, C.R. Enhanced neural responses to self-triggered voice pitch feedback perturbations. NeuroReport, 21 (7), 527 - 531, 2010. PMID PMC3564218
70. Peng Liu, Zhaocong Chen, Charles Larson, Dongfeng Huang, and Hanjun Liu. Auditory Feedback Control of Voice Fundamental Frequency in School Children. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 (3), 1306-1312, 2010. PMID:20815465
71. Liu, H., Wang, E.Q., Chen, Z., Liu, P., Larson, C.R., Huang, D. Effect of tonal native language on voice fundamental frequency responses to pitch feedback perturbations during sustained vocalizations. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 (6), 3739-3746, 2010, PMCID: PMC3037774, 2010.
72. Liu, H., Meshman, M., Behroozmand, R. and Larson, C.R. Differential effects of perturbation direction and magnitude on the neural processing of voice pitch feedback. Clinical Neurophysiology,  122, 951-957, 2011, PMCID: PMC3151676
73. Liu, H., Behroozmand, R., Bove, M. and Larson, C.R. Laryngeal electromyographic responses to perturbations in voice pitch auditory feedback. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129 (6), 3946-3954, 2011, PMCID: PMC3135150
74. Greenlee, J.W., Jackson, A.W., Chen, F., Larson. C.R., Oya, H., Hiroto, K., Chen, H., Howard, M.A. III. Human auditory cortical activation during self-vocalization. PLOS One, 6, (3), 1-15, 2011, PMID: 21390228
75. Behroozmand, R., Liu, H., Larson, C.R. Time-dependent neural processing of auditory feedback during voice pitch error detection. J. Cog. Neurosci. 23 - 5, 1205-1217, 2011. PMCID:PMC3268676
76. Behroozmand, R. and Larson, C.R. Error-dependent modulation of speech-induced auditory suppression for pitch-shifted voice feedback. BMC Neuroscience, 12:54, 2011.  PMCID 3120724
77. Behroozmand, R., Korzyukov, O. and Larson, C.R. Effects of harmonic complexity on ERP responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback. Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol 122, (12), 2408-2417, 2011. PMCID: PMC3189443
78. Korzyukov, O., Karvelis, L., Behrozmand, R. and Larson, C.R. ERP correlates of auditory processing during automatic correction of unexpected perturbations in voice auditory feedback. Int. J. of Psychophysiology.Volume 83 (1), 71-78, 2012. PMCID:PMC3309166
79. Parkinson, A., Flagmeier, S.G., Manes, J.L. Larson, C.R., Rogers, B., Robin, D.A. Understanding The Neural Mechanisms Involved In Sensory Control Of Voice Production, Neuroimage,  Vol 59, Issue 2, 968-978, 2012. PMCID:PMC3342468
80. Liu, H., Wang, E.Q., Metman, L.V., Larson, C.R. Vocal responses to perturbations in voice auditory feedhack in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One, 7 (3), 1-10, 2012. PMCID: PMC3308986
81. Korzyukov, O., Sattler, L., Behrooozmand, R., Larson, C.R. Neuronal mechanisms of voice control are affected by implicit expectancy of externally triggered perturbations in auditory feedback.  PLoS ONE 7(7): e41216. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041216, 2012. PMCID PMC3398890
82. Behroozmand, R., Korzyukov, O., Sattler, L. Larson, C.R. Opposing and following vocal responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback: Evidence for different mechanisms of voice pitch control. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132(4), 2468-2477, 2012. PMCID: PMC3477187
83. Behroozmand, R., Korzukov, Larson, C.R. ERP Correlates of Pitch Error Detection in Complex Tone and Voice Auditory Feedback with Missing Fundamental, Brain Research, Volume 1448, 89-100, 2012, PMCID: PMC3309166, PMID: 22386045.
84. Greenlee, J.D.W., Behroozmand, R., Larson, C.R., Jackson, A.W., Chen, F., Hansen, D.R., Oya, H., Kawasaki, H., Howard, M.A. Sensory-motor interactions for vocal pitch monitoring in non-promary human auditory cortex. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060783, 2013.
85. Parkinson, A.L., Korzyukov, O., Larson, C.R., Litvak, V. Robin, D.  Modulation of effective connectivity during vocalization with perturbed auditory feedback.  Neuropsychologia, Volume 51, 1471-1480, 2013, PMCID: PMC 3704150, PMID: 23665378.
86. Manes JL, Parkinson AL, Larson CR, Greenlee JD, Eickhoff SB, Corcos DM, Robin DA. Connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus pars interna to regions within the speech network: a meta-analytic connectivity study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Jul;35(7):3499-516. Epub 2013 Nov 25. PubMed PMID: 25050431.
87. Flagmeier SG, Ray KL, Parkinson AL, Li K, Vargas R, Price LR, Laird AR, Larson CR, Robin DA, The neural changes in connectivity of the voice network during voice pitch perturbation, Brain and Language, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.02.001
88. Parkinson AL, Behroozmand R, Ibrahim N, Korzyukov O, Larson CR, Robin DA. Effective connectivity associated with auditory error detection in musicians with absolute pitch. Front Neurosci. 2014 Mar 5;8:46. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00046. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24634644; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3942878
89. Behroozmand R, Ibrahim N, Korzyukov O, Robin DA, Larson CR. Left-hemisphere activation is associated with enhanced vocal pitch error detection in musicians with absolute pitch. Brain Cogn. 2014 Feb;84(1):97-108. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.11.007. Epub 2013 Dec 18. PubMed PMID: 24355545; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3926098.
90. Patel S, Nishimura C, Lodhavia A, Korzyukov O, Parkinson A, Robin DA, Larson CR. Understanding the mechanisms underlying voluntary responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback. J Acoust Soc Am. 2014 May; 135(5):3036-44. doi: 10.1121/1.4870490. PubMed PMID: 24815283; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4032396.
91. Korzyukov, O., Tapaskar, N., Pflieger, M.E., Behroozmand, R., Lodhavia, A., Patel, S., Robin, D., Larson, C. Event related potential study of aberrations in voice control mechanisms in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 126, Issue 6, p1159–1170, 2015.
92. Patel, S., Lodhavia, A., Frankford, S., Korzyukov, O., Larson, C.R. Vocal and neural responses to unexpected changes in voice pitch auditory feedback during register transitions. Journal of Voice, 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.11.012, 2015.
93. New AB, Robin DA, Parkinson AL, Eickhoff CR, Reetz K, Hoffstaedter F, Mathys C, Sudmeyer M, Grefkes C, Larson CR, et al. The intrinsic resting state voice network in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2015 May; 36(5):1951-62. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22748. Epub 2015 Jan 27. PubMed PMID: 25627959.
94. Behroozmand R, Ibrahim N, Korzyukov O, Robin DA, Larson CR. Functional role of delta and theta band oscillations for auditory feedback processing during vocal pitch motor control. Frontiers in Neuroscience vol. 9, (2015), doi:  10.3389/fnins.2015.00109, PMCID: PMC4379876, PMC4379876
95. Behroozmand R, Oya H, Nourski KV, Kawasaki H, Larson CR, Brugge JF, Howard MA, Greenlee JD. Neural Correlates of Vocal Production and Motor Control in Human Heschl’s Gyrus. J Neurosci. 2016 Feb 17;36(7):2302-15. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3305-14.2016. PMID: 26888939. PMCID: PMC4756159
96. Behroozmand R, Sangtian S, Korzyukov O, Larson CR. A Temporal Predictive Code for Voice Motor Control: Evidence from ERP and Behavioral Responses to Pitch-shifted Auditory Feedback. Brain Research, Brain Res, 2016, Apr 4 1; 1636:1-12.
97. Price, L.R., Vargas, R.V., Behroozmand, R., Parkinson, A.L., Larson, C.R., Greenlee, J.D.W., and Robin, D.A. Dynamic Connectivity Mapping of Electrocorticographic Data using Bayesian Differential Structural Equation Modeling. BiomBiostatInt J, 4(4):00102. DOI: 10.15406/bbij. 2016.04.00102.
98. Larson, C.R. and Robin,D.A. Sensory Processing: Advances in Understanding Structure and Function of Pitch-Shifted Auditory Feedback in Voice Control.  AIMS Neuroscience, 3(1): 22-39. DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience, 2016.1.22.