Associate Professor of Behavioural Science, Biological Psychology
State University of New York at Buffalo
USA
Education
- 1990- B.S., State University of New York at Buffalo. Major: Biological Sciences. Minor: Psychology.
- 1995- Ph.D., State University of New York at Buffalo. Thesis Advisor: Robert N. Spengler, Ph.D. Thesis Dissertation: The Study of the Relationship between Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα) Production and Norepinephrine Release.
- 1995-1997-POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rochester, New York.
Profile
Dr. Tracey A. Ignatowski is a Research Associate Professor in the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences and is a member of the Program for Neuroscience at the University at Buffalo-SUNY, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences. She earned a B.S. in Biological Sciences with a minor in Psychology (1990) and a Ph.D. in Pathology (1995) from the University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY. Her graduate research in neuroimmunology led her to the University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology for postdoctoral training (1995 – 1997). She was appointed as Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Anesthesiology at the University at Buffalo (1997-1999), where she studied the role of supraspinal TNF in neuropathic pain. She joined the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences as a Research Assistant Professor (1999-2011) where she rose to her current position (2011-present). Dr. Ignatowski currently also serves as Co-Director for Research and Development at NanoAxis, LLC. NanoAxis specializes in using nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications. Her expertise in these fields is supported by her position on several editorial boards as well as by requests to review manuscripts for numerous journals. She has published more than 35 peer-reviewed research papers and three book chapters.
Research Interest
Dr. Ignatowski studies the bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems as it relates to the control of depression, chronic pain, and inflammation. She uses a combination of in vitro cell culture systems, in vivo electrical field stimulation of brain tissue, molecular methods, and behavioral models to address the question of how brain-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) functions as a modulator of brain-body interactions during neuropathic pain and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Dr. Ignatowski’s present research is based on her earlier discovery that neurons produce the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF, and that the production of this cytokine by immune effector cells (i.e., macrophages) is regulated by neurotransmitters. She proposed that an imbalance of cytokine-neuron interactions, which regulate neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system, has potential behavioral consequences that manifest as states of depression and chronic pain. Consequently, she has shown how these cytokine-neuron interactions play a role in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs that are used in the treatment of both depression and chronic pain. In addition to investigating neuron functioning in the brain, she also studies the peripheral macrophage, a major source of TNF during inflammation. She proposes that the investigations of brain-body interactions, specifically the adrenergic regulation of TNF production of the periphery during neuropathic pain, will advance knowledge of brain directed peripheral inflammation, and may reveal a biomarker of pain/analgesia.
Professional Activities:
Academic:
1997-1999 | Research Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. |
1999-2011 | Research Assistant Professor of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. |
2011-2015 | Research Associate Professor of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, New York. |
2015-present | Assistant Professor (tenure-track) of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, New York (Primary appointment). |
2018-present | Research Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, New York (Secondary appointment). |
Professional Positions:
- 1990-1995 Predoctoral Fellow, State University of New York at Buffalo
- 1995-1997 Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.
- 1997-1999 Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
- 1999-2011 Research Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
- 2009-2011 Senior Research Scientist, NanoAxis, LLC, Amherst, New York.
- 2011-present Co-Director of Research & Development, NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York.
- 2011-present Research Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
Professional Affiliations:
- Society for Neuroscience Member (1996 - 2010) Eastern Pain Association (2004 – 2007)
- International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) (2004 – present)
- American Pain Society (2012 – present)
- Upstate New York Pharmacology Society (2013-present)
Professional Activities:
- 2005 Bonica Award Committee, Eastern Pain Association
- 2009 NIH, Stage 1 Study Section Member, IRG/SRG: ZRG1 IFCN-A (58) R 2010 NIH, Stage 1 Study Section Member, SEP/SRG: ZRG1 BDCN-A (55) R 2013, 2014, ASPET UNYPS Annual Meeting, Poster Judge
University Activities:
- Professional Staff of the Ernest Witebsky Center for Immunology as Associate Member (1998 – 1999).
- Professional Staff of the Ernest Witebsky Center for Immunology as Member (1999 – present).
- Judge: Sigma Xi Poster Competition (2003 – 2006).
- Member - Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Neurosciences (2004 – present).
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences (IGPBS) Admissions Committee – Alternative Representative, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Pathology Graduate Program and Anatomy and Cell Biology Graduate Program (2006 – present).
- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (2007 - 2009). Duties involve inspection of all animal laboratory facilities, experimental procedures and animal care and handling, as well as reviewing all funding and teaching applications for the use of laboratory animals.
- Search Committee Member – Animal Research Compliance Administrator Search Committee (2008).
- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Pre-Award Compliance Officer and Alternate Member (2009 - present). Specific responsibility to compare description of animal research as proposed in research grants for compliance with the corresponding IACUC protocol.
- Judge: Medical Student Research Forum, University at Buffalo, School of Medicine (2009 - present).
- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Post-Approval Compliance Officer and Alternate Member (2011 - present). Specific responsibility to set-up and initiate post-approval monitoring system; coordinate and conduct review of laboratories and records for all laboratories using animals in the University system.
- Judge: Cora P. Maloney College (CPMC) Collegiate Science & Technology Entry Program (CSTEP) Summer Research & Poster Symposium, University at Buffalo (2014).
Department service/Activities:
- Committee Member, Department of Anesthesiology (1998)
- Faculty Council Committee Member, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (1999 - present)
- Graduate Committee Member, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (2001 - present)
- Pathology Graduate Comprehensive Examination Committee (2001 - present)
- Departmental Research Goals, Committee Member, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (2003 - present)
- Ad hoc IFR Task Force Member, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (2003 - present)
- Research Emphases Task Force Member, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (2012 - present)
Reviewer:
- Anesthesiology Anesthesia & Analgesia
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Brain Research
- Behavioural Brain Research Journal of Inflammation Journal of Neuroscience
- Journal of Nanoparticle Research
- Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Nanomedicine
- Neuroscience Letters
Ad hoc Reviewer:
- Journal of Neuroimmunology European Journal of Neuroscience Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics Molecular Therapy
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Editorial Advisory Board:
- Immunological Investigations
Teaching Activities:
- Pathology Laboratory Session for Graduate Students, PTH 600/601; General Pathology and Systemic Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 1994-1995.
- Fundamentals of Immunology, MIC 512/PTH 603; Neuroimmunology. Graduate course, one lecture, 25 students, 2000/2001.
- Faculty Facilitator for the IGPBS Seminar Course, BMS 512. Graduate course, Spring semester, 14 students, 2002.
- Neuroscience, NRS 520/BMS 521; Neuroimmunology. Graduate course, one lecture, 15- 25 students, 2000 - present.
- Independent Research, PTH 651/PTH 653; Research in Immunobiology. Graduate course, 2008-present.
- Pathology Laboratory Session for Dental Students, PTH 600, Fall Semester; General Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 2009-present.
- Thesis Guidance, PTH 702 (Tutorial). Graduate course, 2011-present.
- Independent Research, ANA 499; Undergraduate Honors Thesis Research. Supervised undergraduate research, 2014-present.
Honors and Awards
2008-2014 | Who's Who in America, Marquis 62nd Edition, 2008-2009; 2009-2010; 2012-2013; 2013-2014; 2017 |
2008-2011 | Who's Who of American Women, Marquis, 2008-2009; 2009-2010; 2010- 2011 |
2009 | World Who’s Who of Women, 15th Edition, International Biographical Centre of Cambridge |
2010 | Cambridge Who’s Who, Honored Member, 2010-2011 Edition |
2011 | Cambridge Who’s Who, VIP Member, 2011-2012 Edition |
2017 | Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award recipient |
Publications
- Ignatowski TA, Aalinkeel R, Reynolds JL, Nair BB, Sykes DE, et al. (2015) Nanotherapeutic approach for opiate addiction using DARPP-32 gene silencing in an animal model of opiate addiction. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10:136-152.
- Fasick V, Spengler RN, Samankan S, Nader ND, Ignatowski TA. The hippocampus and TNF: Common links between chronic pain and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev
- Gerard E, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Davidson BA, Mahajan SD, et al. (2015) Chronic constriction injury-induced nociception is relieved by nanomedicine-mediated decrease of rat hippocampal tumor necrosis factor. Pain 156:1320-1333.
- Spengler RN, Ignatowski TA (2017) Lowering pathologic TNF levels exclusively within the brain rapidly alleviates long-standing injury-induced neural pathologies. J Neurol Neurobiol 3: 1-3.
- Siemian J, La Macchia ZM, Spreuer V, Tian J, Ignatowski TA, et al. (2018) The imidazoline I2 receptor agonist 2-BFI attenuates hypersensitivity and spinal neuroinflammation in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Biochem Pharmacol 153: 260-268.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN, (2018) Targeting increased levels of tumor necrosis factor in the brain relieves neuropathic pain. World J Anesthesiol 7:10-19.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN (2019) Prescribe exercise to treat inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 77: 5-6.
- LaMacchia ZM, Spengler RN, Jaffari M, Abidi AH, Ahmed T, et al. Perispinal anti-TNF antibody injection targets TNF production in the brain and is antinociceptive in rats experiencing chronic pain. J Pain.
Book Chapters:
Ignatowski, T.A. and Spengler, R.N. 2002. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha quantification and expression by in situ hybridization. In: Methods in Molecular Biology; Armstrong,
D. (ed.). The Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ. Vol. 196, pgs. 85-96.
Spengler, R.N. and Ignatowski, T.A. 2008. Cytokines in synaptic function. In: Neuro- Immune Biology: Cytokines and the Brain; Phelps, C.P. and Berczi, I. (eds.). Academic Press/Elsevier, Ltd., London, UK. Vol. 6, pgs. 111-143.
Mahajan, S.D., Yun, Y., Aalinkeel, R., Reynolds, J.L., Nair, B.B., Mammen, M.J., Ignatowski, T.A., Chong, C., and Schwartz, S.A. 2014. Biodegradable nanoparticle based antiretroviral therapy across the blood brain barrier. Handbook of Clinical Nanomedicine-From Bench to Bedside; Pan Stanford Series in Nanomedicine. Editors: Raj Bawa PhD, Gerald F. Audette PhD, and Israel Rubinstein MD. Volume 1, Pan Stanford Publishing/CRC Press, Singapore. In press.Online Website Publications (Peer-reviewed):
- Spengler, RN and Ignatowski TA. 2014. Overexpression of TNF within the brain mediates chronic pain: a proposal of maladaptive alterations within the hippocampus. BrainImmune.com (In preparation).
Peer Reviewed Scientific Journals:
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 1994. Tumor necrosis factor-α: Presynaptic sensitivity is modified after antidepressant drug administration. Brain Res. 665:293-299.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 1995. Regulation of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by modification of adrenergic receptor sensitivity. J. Neuroimmunol. 61:61-70.
- Ignatowski TA, Gallant S, Spengler RN. 1996. Temporal regulation by adrenergic receptor stimulation of macrophage (MØ)-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production post-LPS challenge. J. Neuroimmunol. 65:107-117.
- Bidlack JM, Ignatowski TA, Lawrence DMP. 1996. Kappa opioid receptor expression on immune cells as studied by fluorescent ligands. J. Neuroimmunol. 69:8-10.
- Ignatowski TA, Chou RC, Spengler RN. 1996. Changes in noradrenergic sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-α in brains of rats administered clonidine. J. Neuroimmunol. 70:55-63.
- Bidlack JM, Lawrence DMP, Ignatowski TA. 1996. Kappa opioid receptors on immune cells as studied by fluorescent ligands. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 402:13-22.
- Ignatowski TA, Noble BK, Wright JR, Gorfien JL, Spengler RN. 1996. TNFα: A neuromodulator in the central nervous system. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 402:219-224.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. 1996. Fluorescent labeling of the kappa opioid receptor on cells of the immune system. NIDA Res. Monograph 174:31-32.
- Spengler RN, Chou RC, Ignatowski TA. 1996. TNFα generation and noradrenergic responsiveness in the CNS in a chronic polyarthritis pain model. NIDA Res. Monograph 174:107.
- Ignatowski TA, Noble B, Gorfien J, Wright JR, Spengler RN. 1997. Neuronal- associated tumor necrosis factor (TNFα): Its role in noradrenergic functioning and modification of its expression following antidepressant administration. J. Neuroimmunol. 79:84-90.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. 1997. Changes in kappa opioid receptor expression during maturation of mouse immune cells. NIDA Res. Monograph 178:113.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. 1998. Detection of kappa opioid receptors on mouse thymocyte phenotypic subpopulations as assessed by flow cytometry. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284:298-306.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. 1998. Changes in kappa opioid receptor expression during maturation of mouse lymphocytes. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 437:117-124.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. 1999. Differential kappa opioid receptor expression on mouse lymphocytes at varying stages of maturation and on mouse macrophages after selective elicitation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290:863-870.
- Ignatowski TA, Covey WC, Knight PR, Severin CM, Nickola TJ, Spengler RN. 1999.
- Brain-derived TNFα mediates neuropathic pain. Brain Res. 841:70-77.
- Zhang L, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN, Noble B, Stinson MW. 1999. Streptococcal histone induces murine macrophages to produce interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Infection and Immunity 67(12):6473-6477.
- Covey WC, Ignatowski TA, Knight PR, Spengler RN. 2000. Brain-derived TNFα: Involvement in neuroplastic changes implicated in the conscious perception of persistent pain. Brain Res. 859:113-122.
- Ignatowski TA, Kunkel SL, Spengler RN. 2000. Interaction between the α-adrenergic and prostaglandin response in the regulation of macrophage (MØ)-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Clin. Immunol. 96 (1):44-51.
- Nickola TJ, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 2000. Antidepressant drug administration modifies the interactive relationship between α2-adrenergic sensitivity and levels of TNF in the rat brain. J. Neuroimmunol. 107(1):50-58.
- Nader ND, Ignatowski TA, Kurek CJ, Knight PR, Spengler RN. 2001. Clonidine suppresses neuroaxial concentrations of TNFα during the perioperative period. Anesthesia & Analgesia 93:363-369.
- Nickola TJ, Ignatowski TA, Reynolds JL, Spengler RN. 2001. Antidepressant drug- induced alterations in neuron-localized TNFα mRNA and α2-adrenergic receptor sensitivity. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 297:680-687.
- Covey WC, Ignatowski TA, Renauld AE, Knight PR, Nader ND, Spengler RN. 2002.
- Expression of neuron-associated TNFα in the brain is increased during persistent pain. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 27:357-366.
- Renauld AE, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 2004. Alpha2-adrenergic receptor inhibition of cAMP accumulation is transformed to facilitation by tumor necrosis factor-α. Brain Res. 1004:212-216.
- Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Sud R, Spengler RN. 2004. Brain-derived tumor necrosis factor-α and its involvement in noradrenergic neuron functioning involved in the mechanism of action of an antidepressant. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 310:1216-1225.
- Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Gallant S, Spengler RN. 2004. Amitriptyline administration transforms tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulation of norepinephrine release in the brain. Brain Res. 1023:112-120.
- Ignatowski TA, Reynolds JL, Sud R, Knight PR, Spengler RN. 2005. The dissipation of neuropathic pain paradoxically involves the presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF). Neuropharmacology 48:448-460.
- Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 2005. Effect of TNFα on the reciprocal G- protein induced regulation of norepinephrine release by the α2-adrenergic receptor. J. Neurosci. Res. 79:779-787.
- Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Sud R, Spengler RN. 2005. An antidepressant mechanism of desipramine is to decrease TNF production culminating in increases in noradrenergic neurotransmission. Neuroscience 133:519-531.
- Sud R, Ignatowski TA, Lo CPK, Spengler RN. 2007. Uncovering molecular elements of brain-body communication during development and treatment of neuropathic pain. Brain Behav. Immun. 21:112-124. PMID16859892.
- Spengler RN, Sud R, Knight PR, Ignatowski TA. 2007. Antinociception mediated by α2-adrenergic activation involves increasing tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression and restoring TNFα and α2-adrenergic inhibition of norepinephrine release. Neuropharmacology 52:576-589. PMC1839855.
- Sud R, Spengler RN, Nader ND, Ignatowski TA. 2008. Antinociception occurs with a reversal in α2-adrenoceptor regulation of TNF production by peripheral monocytes/ macrophages from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Eur J Pharmacol 588:217-231. PMC2587399.
- Nader ND, Li CM, Dosluoglu HH, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 2009. Adjuvant therapy with intrathecal clonidine improves postoperative pain in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. Clin J Pain 25:101-106. PMID19333153.
- Bonoiu AC, Bergey EJ, Ding H, Hu R, Kumar R, Yong K-T, Prasad PN, Mahajan S, Picchione KE, Bhattacharjee A, Ignatowski TA. 2011. Gold nanorod-siRNA induces efficient in vivo gene silencing in the rat hippocampus. Nanomedicine 6(4):617-630. PMC3132138.
- Martuscello RT, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Davidson B, Helinski J, Ding H, Mahajan S, Kumar R, Bergey EJ, Knight PR, Prasad PN, Ignatowski TA. 2012. Increasing TNF levels solely in the rat hippocampus produces persistent pain-like symptoms. PAIN 153:1871-1882. PMC3417838.
- Ignatowski TA, Gerard BA, Bonoiu A, Mahajan S, Knight PR, Davidson B, Bergey EJ, Prasad PN, Spengler RN. 2013. Reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the hippocampus alleviates neuropathic pain perception. Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on Neuropathic Pain. Pgs. 29-35.
- Tobinick E, Rodriguez-Romanacce H, Levine A, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. 2014.
- Immediate neurological recovery following perispinal etanercept years after brain injury. Clin Drug Invest 34(5): 361-366. DOI 10.1007/s40261-014-0186-1.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN, Dhandapani KM, Folkersma H, Butterworth RF, Tobinick
- E. 2014. Perispinal Etanercept for Post-stroke Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction – Scientific Rationale and Current Evidence. CNS Drugs 28:679-697. DOI 10.1007/s40263-014-0174-2.
- Fasick V, Spengler RN, Samanakan S, Nader ND, Ignatowski TA. 2014. The association connecting chronic pain with depression: The hippocampus as a common denominator and TNF as a common mediator. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (Revision Submitted – pending).
- Gerard E, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Davidson BA, Mahajan SD, Ding H, Kumar R, Prasad PN, Knight PR, Ignatowski TA. 2014. Chronic pain is relieved by nanomedicine- mediated decrease of hippocampal TNF. PAIN (Submitted – under review).
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN, Tobinick E. 2014. Authors’ Reply to Whitlock: Perispinal Etanercept for Post-stroke Neurological and Cognitive Dysfunction – Scientific Rationale and Current Evidence. CNS Drugs. In press.
- Ignatowski TA, Aalinkeel R, Reynolds JL, Nair BB, Sykes DE, Gleason CPK, Law WC, Mammen MJ, Prasad PN, Schwartz SA, Mahajan SD. 2014. Nanotherapeutic approach for opiate addiction using DARPP-32 gene silencing in an animal model of opiate addiction. Nanomedicine (Submitted).
- Re AC, Alnaji AR, Spengler RN, Davidson BA, Liu M, Knight PR, Prasad PN, Ignatowski TA. 2014. Alleviation of the chronic pain associated with STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy is achieved by nanoplex-targeted decrease of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the hippocampus. (In preparation).
- Spengler RN, Sud R, Latona C, Lo CPK, Ignatowski TA. 2014. Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation transforms to inhibit TNF during chronic constriction injury: A comparative analysis of clonidine- and amitriptyline-induced regulation of macrophage- derived TNF production. (In preparation).
- Sud R, Spengler RN, Ignatowski TA. 2014. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) directs the α2-adrenergic receptor response on macrophage. (In preparation).
- Sud R, Ignatowski TA, Lo CPK, Spengler RN. 2014. Brain-derived TNF mediates the antinociceptive action of amitriptyline. (In preparation).
- Spengler RN, Ignatowski TA, Spengler ML, Allen R, Remick DG, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL. 2014. The heat shock response regulates macrophage (MØ)-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) gene expression. (In preparation).
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Martuscello RT, Bergey EJ, Ding H, Severin CM, Prasad PN. 2014. Microinjection of gold nanorod-TNFα siRNA nanoplexes into the rat hippocampus elicits antidepressant-like behavior. (In preparation).
Abstracts:
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Prostaglandin (PGE2) & Adrenergic Agonists Interact to Govern Macrophage Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Production. FASEB 6(4):A1331, 1992.
- Ignatowski TA, Chou RC, Spengler RN. Adrenergic Receptor Function in Regulating Macrophage (MØ) Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Production. FASEB 7(3):160, 1993.
- Peterson S, Ignatowski T, Spengler R, Noble B, Bergsland J. Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-6 mRNA Analysis during Acute Cardiac Xenograft Rejection. CHEST, 1993.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Tumor Necrosis Factor Regulation of 3H-Norepinephrine Release from Rat Hippocampal Slices and the Effect of Desipramine Treatment. FASEB 8 (4):113, 1994.
- Simpson PJ, Spengler RN, Schelm JA, Ignatowski T, Chou R, Rothfuss K. TNF Activity and mRNA: Time Course of Expression During Experimental Canine Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion. FASEB 8 (4):126, 1994.
- Chou RC, Ignatowski TA, Smith CM, Spengler RN. Tumor Necrosis Factor Mediates Presynaptic Alpha2-Adrenergic Responsiveness of Hippocampal Slices on 3H- Norepinephrine Release. Society for Neuroscience, 1994.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Adrenergic-Dependent Changes in Brain TNFα Sensitivity in Rats Administered Clonidine. FASEB 9 (4):919, 1995.
- Ignatowski TA, Noble B, Gorfien J, Spengler RN. Neuronal-Associated TNFα and Its Role in Noradrenergic Functioning. AIDS, Drugs of Abuse, and the Neuroimmune Axis, Neuroscience Satellite, 1995.
- Spengler RN, Chou RC, Ignatowski TA. TNFα Generation and Noradrenergic Responsiveness in the CNS in a Chronic Polyarthritis Pain Model. College on Problems of Drug Dependence 58th Annual Meeting, 1996.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. Fluorescent Labeling of the Kappa Opioid Receptor on Cells of the Immune System. AIDS, Drugs of Abuse, and the Neuroimmune Axis Meeting, CPDD Satellite, 1996.
- Spengler RN, Knight PR, Ignatowski TA, Chou RC. Changes in Adrenergic Responsiveness Associated with TNFα Generation in a Chronic Polyarthritis Pain Model. American Society of Anesthesiologists' Meeting, 1996.
- Bidlack JM, Ignatowski TA. Expression of Kappa Opioid Receptors on Immune Cells.
- AIDS, Drugs of Abuse, and the Neuroimmune Axis Meeting, CPDD Satellite, 1996.
- Nickola TJ, Ignatowski TA, Knight PR, Spengler RN. Interleukin-1 Regulation of 3H- Norepinephrine Release from Rat Hippocampal Slices and the Effect of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Activation. Society for Neuroscience 22:1739, 1996.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression on Cells of the Immune System. Society for Neuroscience 22:73, 1996.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. Changes in Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression During Maturation of Mouse T-Lymphocytes. College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 59th Annual Scientific Meeting, 1997.
- Ignatowski TA, Bidlack JM. Differential Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression on Mouse Immune Cells at Varying Stages of Maturity or with Selective Activation. Drugs of Abuse, Immunomodulation and AIDS Meeting, CPDD Satellite, 1997.
- Renauld AE, Ignatowski TA, Knight PR, Spengler RN. Non-inflammatory Inducible TNF-α in Neurons. Society for Neuroscience 23:717, 1997.
- Ignatowski TA, Covey WC, Knight PR, Spengler RN. Brain-Associated TNF: Its Role in Neuropathic Pain. Society for Neuroscience 24:527, 1998.
- Nickola T, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Adrenergic-Dependent Changes in Brain TNFα Production in Rats Administered Desipramine. FASEB 13 (4):A473, 1999.
- Covey WC, Ignatowski TA, Knight PR, Spengler RN. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Expression in Association with α2-Adrenergic Autoreceptor Responsiveness in the Brain during Neuropathic Pain. FASEB 13 (4):A58, 1999.
- Zhang L, Ignatowski T, Spengler R, Noble B, Stinson M. Streptococcal Histone-Like Protein Stimulates Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to Produce Proinflammatory Cytokines. American Society for Microbiology 99th Annual Meeting, 1999.
- Nader ND, Ignatowski TA, Knight PR, Spengler RN. Suppression of Neuroaxial Concentrations of TNFα by Clonidine. Assoc. of Univer. Anesth. Annual Meeting, 1999.
- Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Alpha2-Adrenergic and Prostaglandin Interactions Regulate Macrophage-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor. 12th European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Annual Congress. Intensive Care Medicine 25 (Suppl. 1):S103, 1999.
- Ignatowski TA, Nickola TJ, Spengler RN. Brain-Associated Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Adrenergic Responsiveness: A Role in the Mechanism of Antidepressant Action. Society for Neuroscience 25:698, 1999.
- Renauld AE, Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Adrenergic Regulation of Neuron-derived Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. Society for Neuroscience 26:1334, 2000.
- Ignatowski TA, Renauld AE, Knight PR, Spengler RN. An Antidepressant-like Mechanism for Norepinephrine Release during the Dissipation of Chronic Pain. Program No. 356.12. Society for Neuroscience, 2001.
- Reynolds JL, Ignatowski TA, Spengler RN. Interactive Relationship between TNF Production and α2-Adrenergic Receptor Sensitivity. Program No. 13.11. Society for Neuroscience, 2001.