Khalid Iqbal, Phd
Khalid Iqbal, Phd
Professor of Neurochemistry

New York State Institute for Basic Research
USA

Education

University of  Punjab, Pakistan B.S.(Honors), Chemistry 1963
University of  Punjab, Pakistan M.S., Biochemistry 1964
University of  Edinburgh, Scotland Ph.D., Biochemistry 1969

 

Profile

Khalid Iqbal is Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurochemistry, at the New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York. He received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1969 from the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. Dr. Iqbal was the first to describe in 1974 the bulk isolation and protein composition of neurofibrillary tangles/paired helical filaments (PHF) from Alzheimer disease brains. In 1986 he, along with Dr. Inge Grundke-Iqbal, discovered that the PHF protein and the microtubule-associated protein tau are the same and that tau in PHF is hyperphosphorylated. Their search for an upstream-to-tau-pathology event led them to neurotrophic factors. In 1999 they discovered that CNTF could neutralize the FGF-2-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in adult rat hippocampal neuroprogenitor cells and then, in 2003, they demonstrated that the pharmacologic enhancement of the dentate gyrus neurogenesis could improve the cognitive performance in adult rats. These pioneering studies led Drs. Iqbal and Grundke-Iqbal to the development of CNTF peptidergic compounds and a novel therapeutic approach that involved shifting the balance from neurodegeneration to the regeneration of the brain. They have shown that the CNTF peptidergic compounds can rescue cognitive impairment by rescuing the neurogenesis and the neuronal plasticity deficits in rodent models of familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome.

Dr. Iqbal is the recipient of many prestigious honors and awards, including the Potamkin Prize for Alzheimer Disease research from the American Academy of Neurology, and the Zenith Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, U.S.A. He founded and chaired the biennial International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease from 1988 to 2008. In 2007, the Alzheimer’s Association, U.S.A. established a Khalid Iqbal Life Time Achievement Award for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, which is given out annually at the International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease (ICAD) to a senior established Alzheimer disease researcher. Dr. Iqbal has authored over 300 scientific papers in prestigious American and international scientific journals and edited seven books on research advances in Alzheimer disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. He currently serves on the editorial boards of several journals.

 

Research Interest

Neurobiology of Alzheimer disease & related disorders in developmentally disabled and in general population; identification of various subgroups of Alzheimer disease based on CSF molecular markers and the use of these markers to increase accuracy and early diagnosis; and, finally, develop lead therapeutic compounds that can inhibit neurodegeneration and or promote regeneration of the disease affected areas of the brain, and improve learning and memory.

Neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies, disease mechanisms, CSF and blood biomarkers, neuroregeneration, and preclinical therapeutic approaches.

 

Professional Activities:

Professional Experience:

1966–1969 Ph.D. student, (Laboratory of Dr. J.H. Ottaway, Dept. of Biochemistry) University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh.
1969–1970 Postdoctoral Fellow, (Laboratory of Dr. C. Wu, Dept. of Medicine) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor .
1970–1971 Postdoctoral Fellow, (Laboratory of Dr. S. Gabay, Dept. of Pharmacology) Biochemical Research Laboratory of Harvard Dental School at Veterans Administration Hospital, Brockton, Massachusetts.
1971–1973 Postdoctoral Fellow, (Laboratory of Drs. I. Tellez‑Nagel, and R.D. Terry Dept. of Pathology) Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. 
1973–1974 Instructor of Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
1974–1977 Assistant Professor of Pathology (Neuropathology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
1977–1982 Research Scientist V (equivalent to the rank of an Associate Professor) and Head, Chemical Neuropathology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York.
1982–1997 Research Scientist VI (equivalent to the rank of a full Professor) and Head, Chemical Neuropathology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York.
1983–1984 Chairman, Department of Pathological Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research,
1987–1988 Staten Island, New York.
1996–1997 Rotating Chairman, Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York  
Since 1997 Research Scientist VII (equivalent to rank of a senior full professor) and Head, Chemical Neuropathology, NYS Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York. 
Since 1998 Chairman, Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York and Professor of Neuroscience, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York. 

Memberships:

  • American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • American Society for Investigative Pathology
  • American Association of Neuropathologists
  • American Society for Neurochemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • International Society for Neurochemistry
  • New York Academy of Sciences
  • Society for Neuroscience

 

Honors and Awards

Publications

Refereed Original Papers:

  • Iqbal, K. and Ottaway, J.H. (1970)  Glutamine synthetase in muscle and kidney. Biochem. J. 119:  145-156.
  • Iqbal, K. and Wu, C. (1971) Glutamine synthetase. VII. Purification and properties of the enzyme from rat liver. Enzyme, 12:553-560.
  • Iqbal, K. and Tellez-Nagel, I. (1972) Isolation of neurons and glial cells from normal and pathological human brains. Brain Research 45:296-301.
  • Iqbal, K., Tellez-Nagel, I. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1974a) Protein abnormalities in Huntington's Chorea. Brain Research 76: 178-184.
  • Iqbal, K., Wisniewski, H.M., Shelanski, M.L., Brostoff, S., Liwnicz, B.L. and Terry, R.D. (1974b) Protein changes in senile dementia. Brain Research 77:337-343.
  • Iqbal, K., Wisniewski, H.M., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Korthals, J.J. and Terry, R.D. (1975) Chemical pathology of neurofibrils. Neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's presenile/senile dementia.  J. Histochem. Cytochem.23:563-569.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wisniewski, H.M. and Terry R.D.(1977) On neurofilament and neurotubule proteins from human autopsy tissue. J.Neurochem 29:417-424.
  • Raine, C.S., Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Norton, W.T. (1977)  Studies on the encephalitogenic effects of purified preparations of human and bovine oligodendrocytes.  Brain Research 120:269-286.
  • McDermott, J.R., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1977) The encephalitogenic activity and myelin basic protein content of isolated oligodendroglia. J. Neurochem. 28:1081-1088.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1977) Oligodendroglia from human autopsied brain: bulk isolation and some chemical properties J. Neurochem 28:707-716.
  • McDermott, J.R., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1977) Aluminum and Alzheimer's Disease. Lancet.II, 710-711.
  • Goebel, H.H., Scholz, W., Heipertz, R., Iqbal, K. and Tellez-Nagel, I. (1978) Juvenile Huntington's Chorea:  Clinical, Ultrastructural and Biochemical Studies. Neurology 28:23-31.
  • Norton, W.T., Iqbal, K., Tiffany, C. and Tellez-Nagel, I. (1978) Huntington's Disease: Normal lipid composition of purified neuronal perikarya and whole cortex. Neurology 28:812-816.
  • Raine, C.S., Traugott, U., Iqbal, K., Snyder, S., Cohen, S.R., Farooq, M. and Norton, W.T. (1978)  Encephalitogenic properties of purified preparations of bovine oligodendrocytes tested in guinea pigs.  Brain Research 142:321-332.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wisniewski, H.M. and Terry, R.D. (1978) Chemical relationship of the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's dementia to human normal neurofilaments and neurotubules. Brain Research 142:321-332.
  • McDermott, J.R., Smith, A.I., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1979) Brain aluminum in aging and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 29: 809-814.
  • Yu, R.K. and Iqbal, K. (1979) Sialosygalactosyl ceramide as a specific marker for human myelin and oligodendroglial perikarya: Gangliosides of human myelin, oligodendroglia and neurons. J. Neurochem. 32:293-300.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Johnson, A.B., Wisniewski, H.M., Terry, R.D. and Iqbal, K. (1979) Evidence that Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles originate from neurotubules. Lancet I:578-580.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Johnson, A.B., Terry, R.D., Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K. (1979) Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles:  Antiserum and immunhistological staining.  Ann. Neurol. 6:532-537.
  • Constantopoulos, G., Iqbal, K. and Dekaban, A.S. (1980) Mucopolysaccharidoses types IH, IS and IIIA: Glycosaminoglycans and lipids of isolated brain cells and other fractions from autopsied tissues. J. Neurochem. 34:1399-1411.
  • Hetnarski, B., Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Dziedzic, J.D. and Lajtha, A. (1980)  Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the rabbit brain.  Neurochem. Res. 5:385-392.
  • Hetnarski, B., Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Dziedzic, J.D. and Lajtha, A. (1980)  Central cholinergic activity in aluminum-induced neurofibrillary degeneration.  Ann. Neurol. 7:489-490.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., McDermott, H.R. and Iqbal, K. (1980) Aluminum-induced neurofibrillary changes:  Its relationship to senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.  Neurotoxicology, 1:121-124.
  • Iqbal, K. and Ottaway, J.H. (1980)  Improved sensitivity of glutamine synthetase assay of acyl hydroxamates.  Neurochem.  Research, 5:805-808.
  • Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K. (1980) Aging of the brain and dementia. Trends. Neurosci. 3:226-228.
  • Dziedzic, J.D., Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K. (1981)  Monoamine oxidase activity in normal and Alzheimer brains.  Ann. Neurol. 9:618-619.
  • Merz, P.A., Somerville, R.A., Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K. (1981) Abnormal fibrils from scrapie infected brain.  Acta Neuropathol. 54:63-74.
  • Soifer, D., Iqbal, K., Czosnek, H., DeMartini, J., Sturman, J.A. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1981)  The loss of neuron specific proteins during the course of Wallerian degeneration of optic and sciatic nerve.  J. Neurosci. 1:461-470.
  • Bobin, S.A., Wisniewski, H.M., Kieras, F.J. and Iqbal, K. (1981) Morphological and chemical characterization of a starch granule like polyglucosan deposit isolated from human brain.  Acta Neuropathol. 55:47-52.
  • Madrid, R.E., Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Pullarkat, R.K. and Lassmann, H. (1981)   Relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced with isolated myelin and with myelin basic protein plus myelin lipids. Acta Neuropathol. 50:339-411.
  • Malik, M.N., Myers, L.A., Iqbal, K., Sheikh, A.M., Scotto, L. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1981)  Calcium activated proteolysis of fibrous proteins in central nervous system. Life Sci. 29:795-801.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Merz, P.A. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1982)  Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangle:  morphology and biochemistry.  Exp. Brain Res. Suppl. 5:10-14.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1982) Immunocytochemical studies on neurofibrillary changes. Exp. Brain Res. Suppl. 5:20-25.
  • Wisniewski, K., Czosnek, H., Wisniewski, H.M., Soifer, D., Ramos, P.L., Kim, K.S. and Iqbal, K. (1982)  Reduction of neuronal specific protein and some neurotransmitters in the infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Neuropediatrics 13: 123-129.
  • Merz, P.A., Wisniewski, H.M., Somerville, R.A., Bobin, S.A., Masters, C.L. and Iqbal, K. (1983)  Ultrastructure of amyloid fibrils from neuritic and amyloid plaques. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 60: 113-124.
  • Malik, M.N., Fenko, M.D., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1983) Purification and characterization of two forms of Ca2+ activated neutral protease from calf brain. J. Biol. Chem. 258:8955-8962.
  • Iqbal, K., Zaidi, T., Thompson, C.H., Merz, P.A. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1984) Alzheimer paired helical filaments: bulk isolation, solubility and protein composition. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 62:167-177.
  • Grundke, Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Tung, Y.C. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1984) Alzheimer paired helical filaments:  immunochemical identification of polypeptides. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 62: 259-276.
  • Wang, G.P., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Kascsak, R.J., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1984) Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles: monoclonal antibodies to inherent antigen(s). Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 62:268-275.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Merz, P.A. and Iqbal, K. (1984) Ultrastructure of paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangle.  J. Neuropathol. and Exp. Neurol. 43:643-656.
  • Vass, K., Lassman, H., Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K. (1984)  Ultracyto-chemical distribution of myelin basic protein after injection into the cerebrospinal fluid:  evidence for transport through the blood-brain barrier and binding to the luminal surface of cerebral veins.  J.Neurol. Sci. 63: 423-433.
  • Iqbal, K., Somerville, R.A., Thompson, C.H. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1985) Brain glutamate decarboxylase and cholinergic enzyme activities in scrapie. J. Neurol Sci. 67:345-350.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Tung, Y.C., Wang, G.P. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1985)  Alzheimer paired helical filaments:  Cross-reacting polypeptide/s normally present in brain.  Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 66:52-61.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wang, G.P., Iqbal, K., Tung, Y-C. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1985)  Alzheimer paired helical filaments:  identification of polypeptides with monoclonal antibodies.  Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.), 68: 279-283.
  • Mehta, P.D., Thal, L., Wisniewski, H.M., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. (1985)  Paired helical filament antigen in CSF. Lancet, 1: 35.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Sturman, J.A., Shek, J.W. and Iqbal, K. (1985)  Aluminum and the central nervous system.  J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 6: l-8.
  • Benuck, M., Iqbal, K., Wisniewski, H.M. and Lajtha, A. (1985)   Proteolytic activity in brains of rabbits treated with aluminum.  Neurochem. Res. 10: 729-736.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Rubenstein, R. (1986) The solubility controversy  of paired helical filaments:  A commentary.  J. Neurochem. Res. 12: 93-95.
  • Braak, H., Braak, E., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. (1986)  Occurrence of neuropil threads in the senile human brain and in Alzheimer's disease. A third location of paired helical filaments outside of neurofibrillary  tangles and neuritic plaques.  Neurosci. Lett. 65:351-355.
  • Iqbal,  K., Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Zaidi, T., Ali, N. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1986) Are Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles insoluble polymers? Life Sci. 68:279‑283.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Zaidi, T., Merz, P.A., Wen, G.Y., Shaikh, S.S., Wisniewski,  H.M., Alafuzoff, I. and Winblad, B. (1986)  Defective brain microtubule assembly in Alzheimer's disease.  Lancet, 2, 421‑426.
  • Rubenstein, R., Kascsak, R.J., Merz, P.A., Wisniewski, H.M., Carp, R.I. and Iqbal, K. (1986) Paired helical filaments associated with Alzheimer disease are readily soluble structures.  Brain Res. 372:80-88.
  • Grundke‑Iqbal,  I., Iqbal, K., Quinlan, M., Tung, Y.‑C., Zaidi, M.S. and  Wisniewski, H.M. (1986a) Microtubule‑associated protein tau: A component of Alzheimer paired helical filaments.  J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6084‑6089.
  • Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Tung, Y.‑C., Quinlan, M., Wisniewski, H.M. and Binder, L.I.  (1986b) Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule‑associated protein  (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 83:4913‑4917.
  • Iqbal, K. Biology of Alzheimer's disease through biochemistry of tangles and plaques. (1986) Neurobiol. Aging 7:434‑437.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke, Iqbal., I. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1986)  Neuronal cytoskeleton in aging and dementia.  Prog. Brain Res. 70: 279-288.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Rubenstein, R., Wen, G.Y., Merz, P.A., Kascsak, R. and Kristenson K. (1986)  Amyloid in Alzheimer's disease and unconventional viral infections.  Neuropathology (Supplement 3) 87-94.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Rudelli, R.D., Iqbal, K. and Merz, G. (1986)  AD/SDAT plaques, tangles and BBB changes. Neurobiol. Aging. 7:504.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Moretz, R.C. and Iqbal, K. (1986)  No evidence for aluminum in etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging, 7:532-535.
  • Alafuzoff, I., Iqbal, K, Friden, H., Adolfsson, R. and B. Winblad. (1987)  Histopathological criteria  for progressive dementia disorders: clinical‑pathological correlation and classification by multivariate data analysis. Acta Neuropathol. 74: 209‑225.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1987)  Alzheimer's disease, microtubule and neurofilament proteins and axoplasmic flow.  Lancet, 1:102.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Merz, P.A., Wisniewski, H.M. and Zaidi, T. (1987)  In vitro assembly and isolation of neurofilaments and microtubule from mammalian CNS.  Mol. Brain Res. 2:163-172.
  • Bancher, C., Lassmann, H., Budka, H., Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Wiche, G., Seitelberger, F. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1987) Neurofibrillary  tangles  in  Alzheimer's disease  and progressive supranuclear palsy: Antigenic similarities and differences.  Acta Neuropathol. (Berl). 74:39‑46.
  • Grundke‑Iqbal,  I., Vorbrodt, A.W., Iqbal, K., Tung, Y.C., Wang, G.P. and Wisniewski, H.M.  (1988) Microtubule‑associated polypeptides tau are altered  in  Alzheimer  paired helical filaments.  Mol. Brain Res. 4:43‑52.
  • Galloway, P.G., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Perry, G. (1988)  Lewy bodies contain epitopes both shared and distinct from Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 47:654-663.
  • Bancher,  C.,  Brunner,  C.,  Lassmann,  H., Budka, H., Jellinger, K., Wiche, G., Seitelberger, F., Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M.  (1989) Accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau precedes the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.  Brain Res. 477:90‑99.
  • Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., George, L., Tung, Y.C., Kim, K.S. and Wisniewski, H.M.  (1989) Amyloid protein and neurofibrillary tangles coexist in the same neuron in Alzheimer disease.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2853‑2857.
  • Perry, G., Mulvihill, P., Fried, V.A., Smith, H.T., Grundke‑Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  (1989) Immunochemical properties of ubiquitin conjugates in the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer disease.  J. Neurochem. 52:1523‑1528.
  • Bancher, C., Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Kim, K.S. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1989)  Immunoreactivity of neuronal lipofuscin with monoclonal antibodies to the amyloid beta‑protein.  Neurobiol. Aging 10:125‑132.
  • Iqbal, K. (1989)  First International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Neurobiol. Aging. 10:211-215.
  • Iqbal, K., Smith, A.J., Zaidi, T. and Grundke‑Iqbal, I.  (1989) Microtubule associated protein tau:  Identification  of a novel peptide from bovine brain.  FEBS Lett. 248:87‑91.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke‑Iqbal, I., Smith, A.J., George, L., Tung, Y.C. and Zaidi, T.  (1989) Identification and localization of a tau peptide to paired helical  filaments of Alzheimer disease.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86:5646‑5650.
  • Bancher, C., Lassmann, H., Budka, H., Jellinger, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Wiche, G., Seitelberger, F. and Wisniewski, H.M.  (1989) Antigenic profile of Lewy bodies: Immunocytochemical evidence for protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination.  J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 48:81-93.
  • Miller, D.L., Currie, J.R., Iqbal, K., Potempska, A. and Styles, J. (1989)  Relationships among the cerebral amyloid peptides and their precursors. Ann.Med. 21: 83-87.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Bancher, C., Miller, D. and Currie, J. (1989)  Cytoskeletal protein pathology and the formation of beta-amyloid fibers in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiol. Aging, 10:409-412.
  • Moretz, R.C., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1990) Microanalysis of Alzheimer Disease NFT and plaques. Environ. Geochem. Health, 12:15-16.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Fleming, J., Tung, Y.C., Lassmann, H., Iqbal, K. and Joshi, J.G. (1990)  Ferritin is a component of the neuritic (senile) plaque in Alzheimer dementia. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl). 81:105-110.
  • Bancher, C., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Fried, V.A., Smith, H.T. and Wisniewski, H.M.  (1991) Abnormal phosphorylation of tau precedes ubiquitination in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease. Brain Res. 539:11-18.
  • Murthy, L.R. and Iqbal, K. (1991)  Measurement of picomoles of phosphoamino acids by high performance liquid chromatography.  Analyt. Biochem. 193:299-305.
  • Iqbal, K., Braak, E., Braak, H., Zaidi, T. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1991) A silver impregnation method for labeling both Alzheimer paired helical filaments and their polypeptides separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neurobiol. Aging, 12:357-361.
  • Lake, S., Winblad, B. and Iqbal, K. (1991) Second International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Toronto, 1990: Review of Current Research, Neurobiol. Aging. 12:609-612.
  • Ruben, G.C., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wisniewski, H.M., Ciardelli, T.L. and Johnson, J.E. Jr. (1991) The microtubule associated protein tau forms a triple stranded left-hand helical polymer. J. Biol. Chem. 266:22019-22027.
  • Wang, G.P., Khatoon, S., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1991) Brain ubiquitin is markedly elevated in Alzheimer disease. Brain Res. 566:146-151.
  • Wang GP, Iqbal K, Bucht G, Winblad B, Wisniewski HM, Grundke-Iqbal I (1991) Alzheimer’s disease: paired helical filament immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 82:6-12.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1991) Ubiquitination and abnormal phosphorylation of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer disease. Mol. Neurobiol. 5:399-410.
  • Lin, F.-H., Lin, R., Wisniewski, H.M., Hwang, Y.-W., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Healy-Louis, G. and Iqbal, K. (1992) Point mutation in brain mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182:238-246.
  • Frackowiak, J., Wisniewski, H.M., Wegiel, J., Merz, G.S., Iqbal, K. and Wang, K.C. (1992)  Ultrastructure of the microglia that phagocytose amyloid and the microglia that produce amyloid fibrils.  Acta Neuropathol. 84:225-233.
  • Ruben, G.C., Iqbal, K., Wisniewski, H.M., Johnson, J.E. Jr. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1992) Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles contain 2.1 nm filaments structurally identical to the microtubule associated protein tau: a high resolution transmission electron microscope study of tangles and senile plaque core amyloid. Brain Res. 590:164-179.
  • Wrzolek, M.A., Merz, P.A., Kascsak, R., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Rubenstein, R., Tonna-DeMasi, M., Goller, N.L., Mehta, P. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1992)  Immune electron microscopic characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Alzheiemr neurofibrillary tangles.  Am. J. Pathol. 141:343-355.
  • Swaab, D.F., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Kremer, H.P.H., Ravid, R. and van de Nes, J.A.P.  (1992) Tau and ubiquitin in the human hypothalamus in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 590:239-249.
  • Khatoon, S., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. (1992) Brain levels of microtubule associated protein tau are elevated in Alzheimer's disease brain: a radioimmunoslot-blot assay for nanograms of the protein. J. Neurochem. 59:750-753.
  • Miller, D.L., Papayannopoulos, I.A., Styles, J., Bobin, S.A., Lin, Y.Y., Biemann, K. and Iqbal, K.  (1993) Peptide compositions of the cerebrovascular and senile plaque core amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 301:41-52.
  • Ruben, G.C., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wisniewski, H.M. and Johnson, J.E. Jr. (1993) The organization of the microtubule associated protein tau in Alzheimer paired helical filaments. Brain Res. 602:1-13.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A., Gong, C.-X., Khatoon, S., Kudo, T., Singh, T.J. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1993) Molecular pathology of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 53:325-335.
  • Gong, C.-X., Singh, T.J., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. (1993) Phosphoprotein phosphatase activities in Alzheimer disease brain. J. Neurochem. 61:921-927.
  • Iqbal, K., Braak, H., Braak, E. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (1993) Silver labeling of Alzheimer neurofibrillary changes and brain amyloid. J. Histotech. 16:335-342.
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  • Gong, C. X., F. Liu, Grundle-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. (2006). "Dysregulation of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease: a therapeutic target." J Biomed Biotechnol 2006(3): 31825.
  • Iqbal, K. and M. Novak (2006). "From tangles to tau protein." Bratisl Lek Listy 107(9-10): 341-2.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., G. Rolkova, Konstekova, E. Iqbal, K. (2006). "Biological markers in Alzheimer's disease." Bratisl Lek Listy 107(9-10): 359-65.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal .(2006). "Discoveries of tau, abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau and others of neurofibrillary degeneration: a personal historical perspective." J Alzheimers Dis 9(3 Suppl): 219-42.
  • Liu, F., Z. Liang, Shi, J., Yin, D., El-Akkad, E., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Gong, C. X.  (2006). "PKA modulates GSK-3beta- and cdk5-catalyzed phosphorylation of tau in site- and kinase-specific manners." FEBS Lett 580(26): 6269-74.
  • Sengupta, A., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal K. (2006). "Regulation of phosphorylation of tau by protein kinases in rat brain." Neurochem Res 31(12): 1473-80.
  • Chohan MO, Khatoon S, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. (2006) Involvement of I2PP2A in the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and its reversal by memantine. FEBS Lett 580:3973-3979.
  • Wang, J. Z., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal K. (2007) "Kinases and phosphatases and tau sites involved in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration." Eur J Neurosci 25(1): 59-68.
  • Liang, Z., Liu, F., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Gong, C.X.  (2007) Down-regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by over-activated calpain in Alzheimer disease brain. J Neurochem 103:2462-2470.
  • Kovacech B, Kontsekova E, Zilka N, Novak P, Skrabana R, Filipcik P, Iqbal K, Novak M. (2007) A novel monoclonal antibody DC63 reveals that inhibitor 1 of protein phostatase 2A is preferentially nuclearly localized in human brain. FEBS Lett 581:617-622
  • Yamamori, H., Khatoon, S., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Blennow, K., Ewers, M., Hampel, H. and Iqbal, K.  (2007) Tau in cerebrospinal fluid: a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using tyramide signal amplification. Neurosci Lett 418:186-189.
  • Chen H, Tung YC, Li B, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2007)  Trophic factors counteract elevated FGF-2-induced inhibition of adult neurogenesis. Neurobiol Aging  28:1148-62
  • Li B, Chohan MO, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. (2007) Disruption of microtubule network by Alzheimer abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau Acta Neuropathol, 113:501-11.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2007) Developing pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer disease Cell Mol Life Sci, 64:2234-44.
  • Chen S, Li B, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. (2008) I1PP2A affects tau phosphorylation via association with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A J Biol Chem 283:10513-10521.
  • Wang XC, Zhang YC, Chatterjie N, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Wang JZ. (2008)  Effect of Melatonin and Melatonylvalpromide on beta-amyloid and Neurofilaments in N2a Cells. Neurochem Res  33:1138-44
  • Deng Y, Li B, Liu F, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Brandt R, Gong CX. (2008) Regulation between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of neurofilament-M and their dysregulation in Alzheimer disease FASEB J, 22:138-45.
  • Liu Y, Liu F, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX. (2008) Decreased glucose transporters correlate to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer disease FEBS Lett, 582:359-64.
  • Li B, Yamamori H, Tatebayashi Y, Shafit-Zagardo B, Tanimukai H, Chen S, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2008) Failure of neuronal maturation in Alzheimer disease dentate gyrus J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 67:78-84.
  • Liang Z, Liu, F, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Wegiel J, Gong C-X. (2008) Decrease of protein phosphatase 2A and its association with accumulation and hyperphosphorylation of tau in Down syndrome. J Alzheimer’s Dis 13:295-302.
  • Gong C-X, Iqbal K. (2008) Hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau: a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer disease. Curr Med Chem 15:2321-2328.
  • Liu F, Liang Z, Wegiel J, Hwang Y-W, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Ramakrishna N, Gong C-X. (2008) Overexpression of Dyrk1A contributes to neurofibrillary degeneration in Down syndrome. FASEB J 22:3224-3233.
  • Shi J, Zhang T, Zhou C, Chohan MO, Gu X, Wegiel J, Zhou J, Hwang Y-WS, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong C-X, Liu F. (2008) Increased dosage of Dyrk1A alters alternative splicing factor (ASF)-regulated alternative splicing of tau in Down syndrome. J Biol Chem 283:28660-28669.
  • Yu Y, Run X, Liang Z, Li Y, Liu F, Liu Y, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX. (2009) Developmental regulation of tau phosphorylation, tau kinases, and tau phosphatases. J Neurochem 108:1480-1494.
  • Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong C-X, Alonso A del C, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2009) Mechanisms of tau-induced neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol. 118:53-69.
  • Liu F, Shi J, Tanimukai H, Gu J, Gu, J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX. (2009) Reduced O-GlcNAcylation links lower brain glucose metabolism and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Brain 132: 1820-1832, 2009.
  • Liu, F., Shi, J., Qian, W., Yin, X., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Gong, C.X.  (2009) Truncation and activation of Dyrk1A in Alzheimer's disease brain by activated calpain I. Alzheimer's & Dementia 5:134-135.
  • Liu, Y., Liu, F., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Gong, C.X.  (2009) Brain glucose transporters, O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of tau in diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 111:242-249.
  • Deng, Y., Li, B., Liu, Y., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Gong, C.X.  (2009) Dysregulation of insulin signaling, glucose transporters, O-GlcNAcylation, and phosphorylation of tau and neurofilaments in the brain: Implication for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 175:2089-2098.
  • Qian, W., Shi, J., Yin, X., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Gong, C.X. and Liu, F.  (2009) PP2A regulates tau phosphorylation directly and also indirectly via activating GSK-3beta. J Alzheimers Dis 19:1221-1229.
  • Run, X., Liang, Z., Zhang, L., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Gong, C.X.  (2009) Anesthesia induces phosphorylation of tau. J Alzheimers Dis 16:619-626.
  • Iqbal, K., Wang, X., Blanchard, J. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2009) Overexpression of inhibitor-1 or -2 of protein phosphatase-2A causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and cognitive impairment in rat. Alzheimer's & Dementia 5:135.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Chohan, M.O., Li, B., Blanchard, J., Wanka, L. and Iqbal, K.  (2009) Development of neurotrophic peptides for enhancement of neurogenesis and associated behavioral improvement. Alzheimer's & Dementia 5:139.
  • Chalbot, S., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Fladby, T., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  (2009) Cerebrospinal fluid secretory Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 activity is increased in Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem 55:2171-2179.
  • Tanimukai, H., Kudo, T., Tanaka, T., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Takeda, M.  (2009) Novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disease. Psychogeriatrics 9:103-109.
  • Chohan, M.O., Li, B., Blanchard, J., Tung, Y.C., Heaney, A.T., Rabe, A., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2009) Enhancement of dentate gyrus neurogenesis, dendritic and synaptic plasticity and memory by a neurotrophic peptide. Neurobiol Aging Sept. 18, 2009
  • Chalbot, S., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Fladby, T., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  (2010) Cerebrospinal fluid secretory Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 activity: a biomarker of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability. Neurosci Lett 478:179-183.
  • Alonso, A.D., Di Clerico, J., Li, B., Corbo, C.P., Alaniz, M.E., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  (2010) Phosphorylation of tau at Thr212, Thr231, and Ser262 combined causes neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 285:30851-30860.
  • Blanchard, J., Chohan, M.O., Li, B., Liu, F., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2010) Beneficial Effect of a CNTF Tetrapeptide on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Neuronal Plasticity, and Spatial Memory in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 21:1185-1195.
  • Blanchard, J., Wanka, L., Tung, Y.C., Cardenas-Aguayo Mdel, C., LaFerla, F.M., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2010) Pharmacologic reversal of neurogenic and neuroplastic abnormalities and cognitive impairments without affecting Abeta and tau pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice. Acta Neuropathol 120:605-621.
  • Blanchard, J., Chohan, M.O., Li, B., Liu, F., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2010) Beneficial Effect of a CNTF Tetrapeptide on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Neuronal Plasticity, and Spatial Memory in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 21:1185-1195.
  • Iqbal, K., Liu, F., Gong, C.X. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2010) Tau in Alzheimer Disease and related Tauopathies. Curr Alzheimer Res 7:656-664.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2010) Alzheimer's disease, a multifactorial disorder seeking multitherapies. Alzheimers & Dementia 6:420-424.
  • Li, B., Wanka, L., Blanchard, J., Liu, F., Chohan, M.O., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  (2010) Neurotrophic peptides incorporating adamantane improve learning and memory, promote neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice. FEBS Lett 584:3359-3365.
  • Wang, X., Blanchard, J., Kohlbrenner, E., Clement, N., Linden, R.M., Radu, A., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  (2010) The carboxy-terminal fragment of inhibitor-2 of protein phosphatase-2A induces Alzheimer disease pathology and cognitive impairment. FASEB J 24:4420-4432.
  • Zilka N, Korenova M, Kovacech B, Iqbal K and Novak M (2010) CSF phospho-tau correlates with behavioural decline and brain insoluble phospho-tau levels in a rat model of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol 119:679-687.
  • Chohan MO, Li B, Blanchard J, Tung YC, Heaney AT, Rabe A, Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I. (2011) Enhancement of dentate gyrus neurogenesis, dendritic and synaptic plasticity and memory by a neurotrophic peptide. Neurobiol. Aging 32:1420-1434.
  • Arnaud L, Chen S, Liu F, Li B, Khatoon S, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2011) Mechanism of inhibition of PP2A activity and abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau by I(2)(PP2A)/SET. FEBS Lett 585:2653-2659.
  • Blanchard J, Bolognin S, Chohan MO, Rabe A, Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I. (2011) Rescue of synaptic failure and alleviation of learning and memory impairments in a trisomic mouse model of down syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70:1070-1079.
  • Chalbot S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Fladby T, Andreasen N, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2011) Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 25:505-515.
  • Qian W, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX and Liu F. (2011) Splicing factor SC35 promotes tau expression through stabilization of its mRNA. FEBS Lett. 585:875-880.
  • Qian W, Liang H, Shi J, Jin N, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2011) Regulation of the alternative splicing of tau exon 10 by SC35 and Dyrk1A. Nucleis Acids Res. 39:6161-6171.
  • Qian W, Yin X, Hu W, Shi J, Gu J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX and Liu F (2011) Activation of protein phosphatase 2B and hyperphosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimer's Dis. 23:617-627.
  • Shi J, Qian W, Yin X, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gu X, Ding F, Gong CX and Liu F (2011) Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the alternative splicing of tax exon 10L. A mechanism involved in tau pathology of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 286:14639-14648.
  • Wegiel J, Kaczmarski W, Barua M, Kuchna I, Nowicki K, Wang KC, Wegiel J, Yang S, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Silverman WP, Reisberg B, Monteiro I, de Leon M, Wisniewski T, Dalton A, Lai F, Hwang YW, Adayev T, Liu F, Iqbal K, Iqbal IG and Gong CX. (2011) Link Between DYRK1A Overexpression and Several-Fold Enhancement of Neurofibrillary Degeneration With 3-Repeat Tau Protein in Down Syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70:36-50.
  • Rockenstein E, Ubhi K, Doppler E, Novak P, Moessler H, Li B, Blanchard J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Mante M, Adame A, Crews L and Masliah E (2011) Regional comparison of the neurogenic effects of CNTF-derived peptides and cerebrolysin in AbetaPP transgenic mice. J Alzheimers Dis 27:743-752.
  • Liu Y, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K and Gong CX (2011) Deficient brain insulin signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. J Pathol 225:54-62.
  • Bolognin S, Blanchard J, Wang X, Basurto-Islas G, Tung YC, Kohlbrenner E, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2012) An experimental rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease and rescue of cognitive impairment with a neurotrophic peptide. Acta Neuropathol 123:133-151.
  • Ding S, Shi J, Qian W, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX and Liu F. (2012) Regulation of alternative splicing of tau exon 10 by 9G8 and Dyrk1A. Neurobiol Aging 33(7):1389-99
  • Gong CX, Liu F and Iqbal K. (2012) O-GlcNAc cycling modulates neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012 104:17319-20.
  • Liu Y, Li X, Yu Y, Shi J, Liang Z, Run X, Li Y, Dai CL, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Liu F and Gong CX. (2012) Developmental regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation, O-GlcNAc transferase, and O-GlcNAcase in mammalian brain. PLoS One 7:e43724.
  • Yin X, Jin N, Gu J, Shi J, Zhou J, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I and Liu F. (2012) Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) modulates serine/arginine-rich protein 55 (SRp55)-promoted tau exon 10 inclusion. J Biol Chem 297:30497-30506.
  • Shi J, Wu S, Dai CL, Li Y, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Liu F and Gong CX. (2012) Diverse regulation of AKT and GSK-3b by O-GlcNAcylation in various types of cells. FEBS Lett 586:2443-2450.
  • Gu J, Shi J, Wu S, Jin N, Qian W, Zhou J, Iqbal IG, Iqbal K, Gong CX and Liu F. (2012) Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates 9G8-mediated alternative splicing of tau exon 10. FEBS Lett 586:2239-2244.
  • Yu Y, Zhang L, Li X, Run X, Liang Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Lee MH, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Vocadlo DJ, Liu F and Gong CX. (2012) Differential effects of an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor on tau phosphorylation. PLoS One 7:335277.
  • Chen Y, Liang Z, Blanchard J, Dai CL, Sun S, Lee MH, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Liu F and Gong CX. (2013) A non-transgenic mouse model (icv-STZ mouse) of Alzheimer’s Disease: Similarities to and differences from the transgenic model (3xTg-AD mouse). Mol Neurobiol 47:711-725.
  • Cardenas-Aguayo Mdel, C., Kazim, S.F., Grundke-Iqbal, I.,Iqbal, K., 2013.  Neurogenic and neurotrophic effects of BDNF peptides in mouse hippocampal primary neuronal cell cultures. PLoS One 8,  e53596.
  • Jin, N., W. Qian, et al., 2013. CREB regulates the expression of neuronal glucose transporter 3: a possible mechanism related to impaired brain glucose uptake in Alzheimer's disease. Nucleic Acids Res 41(5): 3240-3256.
  • Wanka, L., K. Iqbal, et al. (2013). "The lipophilic bullet hits the targets: medicinal chemistry of adamantane derivatives." Chem Rev 113(5): 3516-3604.
  • Mattsson N, Andreasson U, Persson S, Arai H, Batish SD, Bernardini S, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Blankenstein MA, Carrillo MC, Chalbot S, Coart E, Chiasserini D, Cutler N, Dahlfors G, Duller S, Fagan AM, Forlenza O, Frisoni GB, Galasko D, Galimberti D, Hampel H, Handberg A, Heneka MT, Herskovits AZ, Herukka SK, Holtzman DM, Humpel C, Hyman BT, Iqbal K, Jucker M, Kaeser SA, Kaiser E, Kapaki E, Kidd D, Klivenyi P, Knudsen CS, Kummer MP, Lui J, Llado A, Lewczuk P, Li QX, Martins R, Masters C, McAuliffe J, Mercken M, Moghekar A, Molinuevo JL, Montine TJ, Nowatzke W, O'Brien R, Otto M, Paraskevas GP, Parnetti L, Petersen RC, Prvulovic D, de Reus HP, Rissman RA, Scarpini E, Stefani A, Soininen H, Schroder J, Shaw LM, Skinningsrud A, Skrogstad B, Spreer A, Talib L, Teunissen C, Trojanowski JQ, Tumani H, Umek RM, Van Broeck B, Vanderstichele H, Vecsei L, Verbeek MM, Windisch M, Zhang J, Zetterberg H and Blennow K, 2013. CSF biomarker variability in the Alzheimer's Association quality control program. Alzheimers Dement 9:251-261.
  • Basurto-Islas, G., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Tung, Y.C., Liu, F.,Iqbal, K., 2013.  Activation of asparaginyl endopeptidase leads to tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 288,  17495-17507.
  • Dai, C. L., J. Shi, et al. (2013). "Inhibition of protein synthesis alters protein degradation through activation of protein kinase B (AKT)." J Biol Chem 288(33): 23875-23883.
  • Ding, J., Z. He, et al. (2013). "Role of ciliary neurotrophic factor in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells." J Alzheimers Dis 37(3): 587-592.
  • Qian, W., N. Jin, et al., 2013. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) enhances tau expression.  J Alzheimers Dis 37(3): 529-538.
  • Iqbal, K., Flory, M.,Soininen, H., 2013.  Clinical symptoms and symptom signatures of Alzheimer's disease subgroups. J Alzheimers Dis 37,  475-481.
  • Chen Y, Liang Z, Tian Z, Blanchard J, Dai CL, Chalbot S, Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. (2014). "Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Exacerbates Alzheimer-Like Changes of 3xTg-AD Mice." Mol Neurobiol 49(1): 547-562.
  • Chen C, Jin N, Qian W, Liu W, Tan X, Ding F, Gu X, Iqbal K, Gong CX, Zuo J, Liu F. (2014)  Cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase enhances sc35-promoted tau exon 10 inclusion. Mol Neurobiol. 49,  615-624.
  • Wang X, Blanchard J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Wegiel J, Den HX, Siddique T, Iqbal K. (2014) Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an etiopathogenic connection. Acta Neuropathol 127(2): 243-256.
  • Arif M, Kazim SF, Grundke-Iqbal I, Garruto RM, Iqbal K. (2014) Tau pathology involves protein phosphatase 2A in Parkinsonism-dementia of Guam. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(3): 1144-1149.
  • Zhao Y, Gu JH, Dai CL, Liu Q, Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. (2014). Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes decrease of O-GlcNAcylation, hyperphosphorylation of tau and behavioral deficits in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 6: 10.
  • Chen Y, Run X, Liang Z, Zhao Y, Dai CL, Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. (2014) Intranasal insulin prevents anesthesia-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau in 3xTg-AD mice. Front Aging Neurosci. 6(100):1-11.
  • Bolognin S, Buffelli M, Puoivali J, Iqbal K. (2014) Rescue of cognitive-aging by administration of a neurogenic and/or neurotrophic compound. Neurobiol Aging 35:2134-2146.
  • Basurto-Islas G, Blanchard J, Tung YC, Fernandez JR, Voronkov M, Stock M, Zhang S, Stock JB, Iqbal I. (2014) Therapeutic benefits of a component of coffee in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. Epub July 2014.
  • Kazim SF, Blanchard J, Dai,C-L, Tung Y-C, LaFerla F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. (2014) Disease modifying effect of chronic oral treatment with a neurotrophic peptidergic compound in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Disease. 71:110-130.

Books:

  • Iqbal, K., Wisniewski, H.M. and Winblad, B. Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders.  Alan R. Liss Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Iqbal, K., McLachlan, D.R.C., Winblad, B. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Alzheimer's Disease:  Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1991.
  • Corain, B., Iqbal, K., Nicolini, M., Winblad, B., Wisniewski, H.M. and Zatta, P.  Alzheimer's Disease:  Advances in Clinical and Basic Research, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1993.
  • Iqbal, K., Mortimer, J., Winblad, B. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Research Advances in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1995.
  • Iqbal, K., Winblad, B., Nishimura, T., Takeda, M., and Wisniewski, H.M. Alzheimer’s Disease: Biology, Diagnosis and Therapeutics. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1997.
  • Iqbal, K., Swaab, D.S., Winblad, B., and Wisniewski, H.M. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Therapeutics.  John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, England. 1999.
  • Iqbal, K., Sisodia, S.A., and Winblad, B. Alzheimer’s Disease: Advances in etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics.  John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, England, 2001.
  • Iqbal K, Winblad B. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders: Research Advances. Ana Aslan Intl. Academy of Aging, Bucharest, Romania, 2003.
  • Iqbal K, Winblad B. Research Advances in Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders. Electronic version, Alzheimer’s Association, USA 2005.
  • Iqbal K, Winblad B and Avila J. (2006) J. Alzheimer’s Disease: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease.  Electronic Publication.  Medimond, S.R.L., Bologna, Italy.

Book Chapters and Review Articles:

  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wisniewski, H.M., Korthals, J.K. and Terry, R.D.: Chemistry of neurofibrous proteins in aging. In: Neurobiology of Aging, edited by R.D. Terry and S. Gershon. pp. 351-360, Raven Press, New York, 1976.
  • Iqbal, K., Wisniewski, H.M., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Terry, R.D.: Neurofibrillary pathology, an update. In: The Aging Brain and Senile Dementia, edited by K. Nandy and I. Sherwin, pp. 209-228, Plenum Press, New York, 1977.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Terry, R.D. and Wisniewski, H.M.: Neurofibrillary proteins. In: Mechanisms, Regulations and Special Functions of Protein Synthesis.  Edited by S. Roberts, A. Lajtha and W.H. Gispen, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, 171-179, 1977.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Wisniewski, H.M. and Terry, R.D.: Neurofibers in Alzheimer dementia and other conditions. In: Alzheimer's Disease: Senile Dementia and Related Disorders (Aging, Vol. 7), edited by R. Katzman, R.D. Terry and K.L. Bick, pp. 409-420, Raven Press, New York, 1978.
  • Iqbal, K.: Isolated brain cells: A tool to study the normal and pathological brain. In: Progress in Neuropathology, Vol. 4, edited by H.M. Zimmerman, pp. 125-140, Raven Press, New York, 1979.
  • Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K. Ageing of the brain and dementia. In: Trends in Neuroscience, pp. 226-228, 1980.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Johnson, A.B. and Wisniewski, H.M.: Neurofibrous proteins in aging and dementia. In: Aging of the Brain and Dementia Aging Vol. 13. Edited by L. Amaducci, A.N. Davison and P. Antuono pp. 39-48, Raven Press, New York, 1980.
  • Reisine, T.D., Pedigo, N.W., Meiners, B., Iqbal, K. and Yamamura, H.I.: Alzheimer's disease:  Studies on neurochemical alterations in the brain. In: Aging of the Brain and Dementia., Aging, Vol. 13. Edited by L. Amaducci, A.N. Davison and P. Antuono pp. 147-150, Raven Press, New York, 1980.
  • Iqbal, K., Yu, R.K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M.:  Proteins and gangliosides of human oligodendroglia.  In: Search for the Cause of MS and other Chronic Diseases of the CNS. First Intl. Symp. of the Hertie Foundation in Frankfurt, September 1979.  Edited by Alfred Boese, pp. 139-147, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim (Germany), 1980.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Madrid, R.E., Lassmann, H., Desmukh, D.S. and Iqbal, K.  Search for antigen(s) and immunological mechanisms responsible for extensive demyelination and relapses in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In:  Search for the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System, First Intl. Symp. of the Hertie Foundation in Frankfurt, Sept. 1979, Edited by Alfred Boese, pp. 89-95, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, 1980.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Sinatra, R.S., Iqal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.: Neurofibrillary and synaptic pathology in the aged brain.  In: Aging and Cell Structure, edited by John E. Johnson, Jr., pp. 105-142, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1981.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. Immunocytochemical studies on neurofibrillary changes. Exper. Brain. Res. Suppl. 5:20-25, 1982.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Merz, P.A. and Wisniewski, H.M. Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles: morphology and biochemistry. Exper. Brain Res. Suppl. 5:10-14, 1982.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Merz, P.A. and Wisniewski, H.M.: Age-associated neurofibrillary changes. In: The Aging Brain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging in the Nervous System, edited by E. Giacobini et al., pp. 247-257, Raven Press, New York, 1982.
  • Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M.: Neurofibrillary tangles: Pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease:  In: Textbook of Alzheimer's Disease and Senile Dementia edited by B. Reisberg, The Free Press, New York, pp. 48-56, 1983.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Merz, G.S., Merz, P.A., Wen, G.Y. and Iqbal, K.: Morphology and biochemistry of neuronal paired helical filaments and amyloid fibers in humans and animals. In: Progress in Neuropathology, Vol. 5 edited by H.M. Zimmerman, pp. 139-150, Raven Press, New York, 1983.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Merz, G.S., Merz, P.A., Wen, G.Y. and Iqbal, K.: neurofibrillary tangles and paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease. In: Neurofilaments, edited by Charles A. Marotta, Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 196-221, 1983.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Neurofibrillary tangles:  Biochemical studies.  Interdiscipl. Topics Gerontol. V.19, pp 98-105, Karger, Basel, 1985.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles:  Immunochemical cross-reactivity with normal brain antigens.  Interdiscipl. Topics Gerontol. Vol. 19, pp 106-113, Karger, Basel.  1985.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Merz, G.S., Wen, G.Y., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Morphology and biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease.  In:  Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type, pp 263-274, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1985.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Merz, G.S., Merz, P.A., Wen, G.Y., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Bobin, S.A., Currie, J. and Miller, D.  Abnormal fibers in Alzheimer's disease and unconventional slow infections.  In:  Senile Dementias:  Early Detection.  Edited by: A. Bes, J. Cahn, R. Cahn, S. Hoyer, J.P. Marc-Vergnes and H.M. Wisniewski, pp. 202-210, John Libbey Eurotext, 1986.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Neuronal cytoskeleton in aging and dementia.  In:  Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer's Disease.  Edited by D.F. Swaab, E. Fliers, M. Mirmiran, W.A. VanGool and F. VanHaaren.  Elsevier, Amsterdam.  Prog. Brain Res. 70:279-288, 1986.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Wen, G.Y., Wang, K.C., Iqbal, K. and Rubenstein, R. Determination of the handedness of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease.  In: Electron Microscopy and Alzheimer's Disease., J. Metuzals (Ed.), pp 21-24, San Francisco Press, San Francisco, 1986.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Alzheimer neuro-fibrillary tangle and its relationship with plaque core amyloid.  In: Amyloidosis, Edited by G.G. Glenner, E.F. Osserman, E.P. Benditt, E. Calkins, A.S. Cohen and D. Zucker-Franklin, pp. 717-722, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1986.
  • Iqbal, K. Biology of Alzheimer’s disease through biochemistry of tangles and plaques. Neurobiol. Aging 7:434-437, 1986.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., and Wisniewski, H.M. Neuronal cytoskeleton in aging and dementia. In: Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 70, E.F. Swaab, E. Fliers, M. Mirmiran, W.A. Van Good and F. Van Haaren, Eds. pp. 279-288, 1986.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Rubenstein, R., Wen, G.Y., Merz, P.A., Kascsak, R. and Kristensson, K. Amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease and unconvential viral infections.  In: International Symposium on Dementia and Amyloid, Neuropathology, S3, pp87-94, 1986.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Rudelli, R.D., Iqbal, K., and Merz, G. AD/SDAT, plaques, tangles and BBB changes. Neurobiola. Aging 7:504, 1986.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Moretz, R.C., and Iqbal, K. No evidence for aluminum in etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 7:532-535, 1986.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M.  Alterations of the neuronal cytoskeleton in Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.  In:  Alterations in The Neuronal Cytoskeleton in Alzheimer's Disease.  G. Perry (ed.) Plenum Press, New York, pp 109-136, 1987.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Wen, G.Y., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Mehta, P.D., Merz, P., Miller, D., Currie, J., Bobin, S.A., Robakis, N.D., Rabe, A., Brown, W.T.  Pathological, biochemical and genetic aspects of Alzheimer's disease in aged people and Down syndrome.  In: Proc. CHEMRAWN V. Conf. edited by H. Machleidt, VCH Veragsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, pp 297-315, 1987.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I., and Rubenstein, R. The solubility controversy of paired helical filaments: A commentary. Neurochem. Res. 12:93-95, 1987.
  • Wisniewski, H.M. and Iqbal, K.  Paired helical filaments (PHF): Update 1988.  In: Genetics and Alzheimer's Disease: Research and Perspectives in Alzheimer's Disease.  Edited by P.M. Dinet, Y. Lamour and Y. Christen.  Springer-Verlag, pp 157-163, 1988.
  • Khatoon, S. and Iqbal, K.  Exchangeable GTP binding site of the  b-subunit of brain tubulin in Alzheimer disease.  In: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 317: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders.  Edited by K. Iqbal, H.M. Wisniewski and B. Winblad, pp. 801-808, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Iqbal, K., Wang, G.P., Wisniewski, H.M. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Laboratory Diagnostic Tests for Alzheimer Dise  ase.  In: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders.  Edited by K. Iqbal, H.M. Wisniewski and B. Winblad, pp. 679-688, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Iqbal, K., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Wisniewski, H.M. Biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease.  In: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.  H.J. Altman and B.N. Altman (Ed.) pp. 11-17, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1989.
  • Bancher, C., Brunner, C., Lassmann, H., Budka, H., Jellinger, K., Seitelberger, F., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Wisniewski, H.M. Tau and ubiquitin immunoreactivity at different stages of formation of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles.  In: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 317: Alzheimer's Disease & Related Disorders. Edited by K. Iqbal, H.M. Wisniewski and B. Winblad, pp. 837-848, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Bancher, C., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Kim, K.S. and Wisniewski, H.M.  A 31 kilodalton beta-protein immunoreactive polypeptide in neuronal lipofuscin. In: Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 317: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders.  Edited by K. Iqbal, H.M. Wisniewski and B. Winblad, pp. 913-924, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  Neuronal cytoskeleton in the biology of Alzheimer disease.  In:  Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 317:  Alzheimer's Disease & Related Disorders, Edited by K. Iqbal, H.M. Wisniewski and B. Winblad, pp. 745-754, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Alafuzoff, I., Iqbal, K., Friden, H., Adolfsson, R. and Winblad, B.  Histopathological classification of dementias by multivariate data analysis. In:  Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 317: Alzheimer's Disease & Related Disorders, Edited by K. Iqbal, H.M. Wisniewski and B. Winblad, pp. 295-302, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1989.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Cytoskeletal protein abnormalities as indicators of Alzheimer disease. In:  Biological Markers in Dementia of Alzheimer Type.  Edited by C.J. Fowler, L.A. Carlson, C-G. Gottfries and B. Winblad., pp. 81-87, Smith-Gordon, Nishimura, Ltd., London, 1990.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Cytoskeletal protein pathology in Alzheimer's disease:  protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination.  In:  Molecular Biology and Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease.  T. Miyatake, D.J. Selkoe and Y. Ihara (eds.) pp. 47-56, Elsvier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 1990.
  • Bancher, C., Wisniewski, H.M., Mehta, P.D., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  Biochemical markers for Alzheimer disease as reflection of the neuropathology in cerebrospinal fluid.  In:  Alzheimer Disease: Current Research in Early Diagnosis, R.E. Becker & E. Giacobini (eds) pp. 195-216, Taylor & Francis, New York, NY-Bristol, PA-Washington DC-London.
  • Wang, G.P., Iqbal, K., Bucht, G., Winblad, B., Wisniewski, H.M. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Alzheimer’s disease: paired helical filament immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neuropathol. 82:6-12, 1991.
  • Wisniewski, H.M., Currie, J.R., Wegiel, J., Silverman, W.P., Merz, G.S., Jenkins, E.C. and Iqbal, K.  Pathological, biochemical and genetic aspects of Alzheimer disease. In:  New Trends in Dementia Research. J.M. Orgogozo and C.G. Gottfries (eds) Proc. of XIV World Congress of Neurology, New Trends in Clinical Neurology, The Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnsforth, UK, 1990.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Alzheimer's disease: From cytoskeletal protein pathology to neuronal degeneration.  In:  Alzheimer's Disease:  Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Iqbal, K., McLachlan, D.R.C., Winblad, B. and Wisniewski, H.M. (eds.), pp. 173-179, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1991.
  • Bancher, C., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Fried, V.A., Smith, H.T. and Wisniewski, H.M. Abnormal phosphorylation of tau precedes ubiquitination in neurofibrillary pathology of Alzheimer disease.  Brain Res. 539:11-18, 1991.
  • Swaab, D.F., Eikelenbloom, P., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Kremer, H.P.H., Ravid, R. and Van de Nes, J.A.P. Cytoskeletal alterations in the hypothalamus during aging and in Alzheimer's disease are not necessarily a marker for impending cell death. In: Alzheimer's Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Iqbal, K., McLachlan, D.R.C., Winblad, B. and Wisniewski, H.M. (eds.) pp. 181-190, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1991.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Cytoskeletal Protein Abnormalities as markers of Alzheimer disease. In:  Frontiers of Alzheimer Research. T. Ishii, D. Allsop and D. J. Selkoe (eds.) pp. 55-64, Elsvier Biomed. Press, Amsterdam, 1991.
  • Iqbal, K. Prevalence and neurobiology of Alzheimer disease: some highlights.  In:  Alzheimer's Disease:  Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies.  Iqbal, K., McLachlan, D.R.C., Winblad, B. and Wisniewski, H.M. (eds.), pp. l-5, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1991.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  Tau and ubiquitin as markers of Alzheimer's disease.  In:  Alzheimer's Disease:  Advances in Clinical and Basic Research.  K. Iqbal, B. Winblad, B. Corain, M. Nicolini, H.M. Wisniewski and P. Zatta (eds.), pp.65-71, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1993.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Neurofibrillary tangles.  In: Neurodegenerative Diseases (D.B. Calne. ed), pp. 71-81, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA., 1994.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Role of abnormal phosphorylation of tau in neurofibrillary degeneration: Implications for Alzheimer therapy. In: Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Strategies.  E. Giacobini and R. Becker (eds.) pp.28-33, Birkhäuser, Boston, USA, 1994.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Pei, J.J., Singh, T.J., Tanaka, T., Wang, J. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Cytoskeletal changes in Alzheimer disease. In: Annals of Psychiatry, Vol. IV: Basic and Clinical Neurosciences. R. Cacabelos and B. Winblad (eds.) pp. 123-135, Prous Science Publishers, 1994.
  • Ruben, G.C., Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Helical ribbon morphology in neurofibrillary tangles of paired helical filaments. In: Research Advances in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. K. Iqbal, J. Mortimer, B. Winblad and H.M. Wisniewski (eds.) pp.477-486, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1995.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso del C., A., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Pei, J.J., Singh, T., Tanaka, T., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: importance, mechanism and therapeutic approaches. In: Research Advances in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders.  K. Iqbal, J. Mortimer, B. Winblad and H.M. Wisniewski (eds.) pp. 513-522, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1995.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso del C., A., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Pei, J.J., Singh, T., Tanaka, T., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Role of neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer disease. In: Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer Disease, edited by Z.C. Cheng, P.R. China, 1995.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Molecular mechanism of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration and therapeutic intervention. In: The Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease.  Proc. of the Eighth Meeting of the Intl. Study Group on the Pharmacol. of Memory Disord. Associated with Aging, Zurich, Switzerland.  J.H. Growdon, R.M. Nitsch, S. Gorkin and R.J. Wurtman (eds.), pp. 147-153, Zurich, Switzerland, 1995.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Neurobiology of Alzheimer disease: A 1992 update. In: Proc. Intl. Symp. on Growth and Aging of the Brain: Clinical, Cellular and Molecular Aspects, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, pp. 107-116, 1995.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Kudo, T., Pei, J.-J., Singh, T.J., Tanaka, T., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: a feasible and key target for therapeutics.  In: Alzheimer Disease: Therapeutic Strategies, E. Giacobini, et al. (eds.), Birkhäuser, Boston, 1996, pp. 31-36.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Molecular mechanism of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary degeneration and therapeutic intervention. Annals New York Acad. Sci. 777: 132-138, 1996.
  • Singh, T.J., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Chauhan, V., Novak, M., Kontzekova, E., and Iqbal, K.  Phosphorylation of Tau Isoforms: Role of the repeats and N-terminal inserts.  In: Alzheimer Disease:Biology, Diagnosis and Therapeutics, K. Iqbal, et al., eds., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1996, pp. 569-576.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso del C., A., Gong, C.-X., Khatoon, S., Pei, J.-J., Wang, J.-Z., and Grundke-Iqbal, K.  Tau Phosphatases.  In: Brain Microtubule Associated Proteins: Modifications and Disease, K. Kosik and J. Avila, eds., Harwood Academic Publishers, New York, pp. 95-111, 1997.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Elevated levels of tau and ubiquitin in brain and cerebrospinal fluid.  In: Intl. Psychogeriat., 9(1), 1997.
  • Iqbal, K.  Plaques versus tangles in Alzheimer’s disease: which comes first and why.  In: The News, Dementia issue, 1:8-9, 1997.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Looking Ahead: Tau phosphatase activity as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease.  In: Drug News & Perspectives,11:10-14, 1998.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K.  Role of neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer disease.  In: Adv. Behav. Biol. Vol. 49:  Progress in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, Eilat, Israel, eds. A. Fisher, I. Hanin, M. Yoshida, Plenum Press, New York-London, 1998.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., Gong, C.X., Khatoon, S., Pei, J.J., Wang, J.Z., and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Mechanisms of neurofibrillary degeneration and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. J. Neural. Transm. 53:169-180, 1998.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A., del C., Gondal, J.A., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Sengupta, A., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Inhibition of neurofibrillary degeneration: A rational and promising therapeutic target.  In: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, 30:269-280, eds. K. Iqbal, D.F. Swaab, B. Winblad and H.M. Wisniewski, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1999.
  • Wang, J.-Z., Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. Protein kinase-A and glycogen synthase kinase-3 in combination hyperphosphorylated tau to an Alzheimer's Disease-like state. In: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, 34:311-321, eds. K. Iqbal, D.F. Swaab, B. Winblad and H.M. Wisniewski, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1999.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. What is the most promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer disease: Inhibition of b-amyloidosis or abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau? The News 1:4-5, 1999.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I. and Iqbal, K. Tau pathology generated by overexpression of tau. Am. J. Pathol. 155:1781-1785, 1999.
  • Iqbal, K. and Winblad, B. An optimistic future for AD therapy.  Alzheimer Insights 6:8-10, 2000.
  • Iqbal, K., and Grundke-Iqbal, I.  Alzheimer disease is multifactorial and heterogeneous. Neurobiol. Aging 21:901-902, 2000.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A., del C., Gondal, J.A., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Sengupta, A., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Mechanism of neurofibrillary degeneration and pharmacologic therapeutic approach. J. Neural. Transm. 59:213-222, 2000.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Metabolic hypothesis, mechanism and therapeutic targets of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration. Neuroscience News 3:14-20, 2000.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Neurofibrillary pathology leads to synaptic loss and not the other way around.  J. Alzheimer’s Disease 3:1-4, 2001.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., El-Akkad, E., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Pei, J.-J., Tsujio, I., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Significance and mechanism of Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration and therapeutic targets to inhibit this lesion.  J. Mol. Neurosci. 19:95-99, 2002.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., El-Akkad, E., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Tsujio, I. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Pharmacological targets to inhibit Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration.  J. Neural Transm. 62:307-317., 2002.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., El-Akkad, E., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S.,  Pei, J.-J., Tanimukai, H., Tsujio, I., Wang, J.-Z. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Alzheimer Neurofibrillary Degeneration: Therapeutic targets and high-throughput assays.  In: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, Humana Press Inc., 20:425-429, 2003.
  • Wang, J.-Z., Grundke-Iqbal, I., and Iqbal, K. Abnormally phosphorylated tau and neurofilament in CSF are promising  biomarkers for Alzheimer disease.  In: Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders: Research Advances, K. Iqbal and B. Winblad, eds., Ana Aslan Int. Acad of Aging, Bucharest Romania, pp. 259-273, 2003.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Tatebayashi, Y., Lee, M.H., Li, L., and Iqbal, K. Regeneration of the brain through neurogenesis: A therapeutic approach to Alzheimer disease and related disorders.  In: Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders: Research Advances, K. Iqbal and B. Winblad, eds., Ana Aslan Int. Acad of Aging, Bucharest Romania, pp. 445-457, 2003.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., El-Akkad, E., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Tanimukai, H., Tsujio, I. and Grundke-Iqbal. Alzheimer Neurofibrillary Degeneration: Significance, Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets. In:  Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders: Research Advances.  K. Iqbal and B. Winblad, eds. Ana Aslan Intl. Acad of Aging, Bucharest, Romania, pp. 277-292 2003.
  • Iqbal, K., Alonso, A. del C., El-Akkad, E., Gong, C.-X., Haque, N., Khatoon, S., Tanimukai, H., Tsujio, I. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. Pivotal Role of Neurofibrillary Degeneration in Alzheimer Disease and Therapeutic Targets.  In: Molecular Biology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Takeda M, Tanaka T, Cacabelos R (eds), Basel, Karger, 2004, pp. 172-182.
  • Grundke-Iqbal, I., Tatebayashi, Y., Lee, M.H., Li, L., and Iqbal, K.  Neurogenesis: A promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer disease and related disorders.  In: Molecular Biology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders. M. Takeda, T. Tanaka, R. Cacabelos, eds. Karger, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 172-182 2004.
  • Iqbal K, Alonso A del C, Chen S, Chohan MO, El-Akkad E, Gong CX, Khatoon S, Li B, Liu F, Rahman A, Tanimukai H, Grundke-Iqbal I.  Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1739:198-210 2005.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. Metabolic/signal transduction hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol (2005) 109: 25–31
  • Iqbal K, Alonso A del C, El-Akkad E, Gong CX, Haque N, Khatoon S, Tanimukai H, Tsujio I, Grundke-Iqbal I. Neurofibrillary degeneration: A promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. In: Progress in Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease. I Hanin, A Fisher and R Cacabelos, eds. Parthenon Publishing Group, Lancaster, UK, 2005.
  • Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I. Pharmacological approaches of neurofibrillary degeneration. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2005 2:335-41. Review.
  • Wiltfang J, Lewczuk P, Riederer P, Grünblatt E, Hock C, Scheltens P, Hampel H, Vanderstichele H, Iqbal K, Galasko D, Lannfelt L, Otto M, Esselmann H, Henkel AW, Kornhuber J, Blennow K. Consensus paper of the WFSB Task Force on Biological Markers of Dementia: The role of CSF and blood analysis in the early and differential diagnosis of dementia.  World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2005:69-84.  Review.
  • Gong CX, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2005) Post-translational modifications of tau protein in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Neural Transm 112: 813–838.
  • Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I. (2005) Discoveries of tau, abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau and others of neurofibrillary degeneration. A personal historical perspective.  J Alzheimer’s Disease 7:1-24.
  • Iqbal, K. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (2006) Kinase-kinase and site-site interactions in the phosphorylation of tau by GSK-3.  In: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and its inhibitors. A. Martínez, A. Castro, M. Medina, eds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2006.
  • Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I. (2006) Identification of Subgroups of Alzheimer Disease. In: Alzheimer’s Disease: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease.  K. Iqbal, B. Winblad and J. Avila, eds. Electronic Publication, Medimond S.R.L., Bologna, Italy.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2006) Discoveries of tau, abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau and others of neurofibrillary degeneration: A personal historical perspective.  In: Alzheimer’s Disease: A Century of Scientific and Clinical Research.  G. Perry, J. Avila, J. Kinoshita, M.A. Smith, eds. IOS Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands. pp. 219-241.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I (2006) Bulk isolation of neurofibrillary tangles and discoveries of tau and its abnormal hyperphosphorylation. In: Alzheimer: 100 Years and Beyond, M. Jucker, K. Beyreuther, C. Haass, R. Nitsch, Y. Christen eds. Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin.
  • Iqbal K, Alonso A del C, Chohan MO, El-Akkad E, Gong CX, Khatoon S, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2007) Molecular basis of tau protein pathology: Role of abnormal hyperphosphorylation. In: Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease. 3rd Edition. D. Dawbarn, S.J. Allen, eds. Oxford University Press, UK.
  • Chohan, M. O. and K. Iqbal (2006). "From tau to toxicity: emerging roles of NMDA receptor in Alzheimer's disease." J Alzheimers Dis 10(1): 81-7
  • Wiltfang J, Lewczuk P, Riederer P, Grünblatt E, Hock C, Scheltens P, Hampel H, Vanderstichele H, Iqbal K, Galasko D, Lannfelt L,Otto, M. Esselmann H, Henkel A.W., Kornhuber J and Blennow K. Consensus paper of WFSBP task force on biological markers of dementia: the role  of CSF and blood analysis in the early an differential  diagnosis of dementia. The World of Biological Psychiatry 2: 69-84, 2005
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  • Iqbal K, Novak M. (2006) From tangles to tau protein. Bratislava Medical Journal 107:341-342.
  • Pevalova M, Filipcik P, Novak M, Avila J, Iqbal K. (2006) Post-translational modifications of tau protein. Bratislava Medical Journal 107:346-353.
  • Grundke-Iqbal I, Rolkova G, Konstekova E, Iqbal K. (2006) Biological markers in Alzheimer’s disease.  Bratislava Medical Journal 107:359-365.
  • Gong CX, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. (2006) Impaired brain glucose metabolism leads to Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration through a decrease in tau O-GlcNAcylation. J. Alzheimer’s Dis. 9:1-12.
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  • Iqbal K, Alonso A del C, Chohan MO, El-Akkad E, Gong CX, Khatoon S, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I. Molecular basis of tau protein pathology: role of abnormal hyperphosphorylation.  In: Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease, 3rd Edition, D. Dawbarn, S.J. Allen, eds. Oxford University Press, pp. 111-131, 2007.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2007)  Alzheimer subgroups: towards effective drug development. Future Neurol. 2:1-4.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2007) Developing pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. Sep;64:2234-44.
  • Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2008) Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: significance, etiopathogenesis, therapeutics and prevention. J Cell Mol Med 12:1-19.
  • Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I. (2008) Tau pathology as a target in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Pharmacological Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s Therapeutics. A. Claudio Cuello, editor. pp. 223-237 Springer, New York, NY, USA.
  • Iqbal K, Alonso A del C, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2008) Cytosolic abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau but not paired helical filaments sequester normal MAPs and inhibit microtubule assembly. J Alzheimer’s Dis 14:365-370.
  • Alonso A, Li B, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2008) Mechanism of tau-induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer disease and related tauopathies. Curr Alzheimer Res 5:375-384.
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  • Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX, Alonso A del C, Grundke-Iqbal I. (2009) Mechanisms of tau-induced neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol 118: 53-69.
  • Tanimukai, H., Kudo, T., Tanaka, T., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K. and Takeda, M.  (2009) Novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disease. Psychogeriatrics 9:103-109.
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  • Iqbal K and Grundke-Iqbal I.  (2010) Alzheimer's disease, a multifactorial disorder seeking multitherapies. Alzheimers & Dementia 6:420-424.
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  • Iqbal, K., Wang, X., Blanchard, J. and Grundke-Iqbal, I. (2011) A Non-transgenic Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. In: Animal Models for Neurodegenerative Disease, Royal Society of Chemistry.  pp.274-283.
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  • Wang JZ, Xia YY, Grundke-Iqbal I and Iqbal K. (2013) Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau: Sites, regulation, and molecular mechanism of neurofibrillary degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 33 Suppl 1,  S123-139.
  • Iqbal, K., Bolognin, S., Wang, X., Basurto-Islas, G., Blanchard, J.,Tung, Y.C., 2013.  Animal models of the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease: Focus on the disease and not just the lesions. J Alzheimers Dis 37,  469-474.
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  • Iqbal K, Gong CX, Liu F. (2014). Microtubule-associated protein tau as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 18(3): 307-318.
  • Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. (2014). Alzheimer disease therapeutics: Focus on the disease and not just plaques and tangles. Biochem Pharmacol. 88:631-639.
  • Iqbal K, Kazim SF, Bolognin S, Blanchard J. (2014) Shifting balance from neurodegeneration to regeneration of the brain: a novel therapeutic approach to Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative conditions. Neural Regeneration Research 9(16):1518-19.

 

 

 

 

 

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