Education

Experience

Biography

Wentai Liu received a B.S. degree from National Chiao-Tung University in Taiwan, a M.S. degree from National Taiwan University, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. In 1983, he joined North Carolina State University, where he held the Alcoa Chair Professorship in electrical and computer engineering and was the founder of the Analog/Mixed-Mode Design Consortium.  In 2003-2011, he was a professor in the electrical engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he was also the Campus Director of the NSF Engineering Research Center on Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems. Currently he is a Distinguished Professor at both the Bioengineering Department and Department of Electrical Engineering and Director of Chan Soon-Shiong Bionic Engineering Center at California NanoSystem Institute, University of California at Los Angeles. Since the inception of retinal prosthesis, he led the engineering efforts of the retinal prosthesis to restore vision, leading to successful implant testsin blind patients. The venture leaded to successful commercial implants (code name as Argus-II), receiving both CE Mark in 2011 and USA FDA market approval in 2013. He has published more than 400 technical papers. He received 2009 R&D-100 Editor Choice Award, 2010 Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Invention Award, IEEE Outstanding Paper Awards, Alcoa Distinguished Engineering Research Award, Outstanding Alumni Award and Honorary Doctoral Degree from National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan. He has served as guest editors for IEEE proceeding and IEEE Trans. on MTT and is currently an Associate Editor for IEEE Trans. on Bio-Circuits and Systems. He is also an ISSCC Subcommittee member as well as a co-founder of the International Conference on Neuroprosthetic Devices (ICNPD). He is an IEEE Fellow.

Research Interest

• Neural implants
• Bioelectronics
• Brain-brain communication
• Neural interface
• Circuits and systems
• Bio-signal processing
• Brain dynamics and disease analysis
• Compressed sensing
• Neuroscience for learning

Scientific Activities:

Honors and Award

1. IEEE Fellow for contributions to electronically-aided neural prosthetic devices, 2017
2. Honorary Doctorate Degree, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, June 20, 2013
3. NSF news release about FDA approval of retinal prosthesis
4. Keynote Speaker of IEEE Conference on Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, Nov. 29, 2012
5. Director of Endowment Chan Soon-Shiong Bionic Engineering Center, 2/2012, UCLA
6. Director of Endowment Chan Soon-Shiong Bionic Engineering Center, 4/2011-12/2011, UCSC
7. Subcommittee member of Int’l Conference on Solid-State Circuits Conference since 2011
8. Associate Editor, IEEE Trans. on Bio-Circuits and Systems (TBCAS) since 2011
9. National Chiao-Tung University (Taiwan) Advisory Board Member, 2010
10. 2010 Breakthrough Award by Popular Mechanics Magazine, New York City, Oct. 5, 2010,
11. Plenary Speaker for European Solid-State Circuit Conference (ESSCIRC-ESSDERC), 2010
12. A member of the tenth-year summative site review team for the Engineering Research Center (ERC-WIMS) at University of Michigan, May 2010
13. Review Panel for National Project on Intelligent Electronics, National Science Council, Taiwan, March, 2010
14. Keynote Speaker, Global Excellence Center, Toyohashi University, Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 2009
15. RD-100 Award (top editor choice) for the Artificial Retina Project, Nov. 2009
16. Best Paper Award (Honorable Mention) for 2009 Asia Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV09), Oct. 2009
17. Member of Reviewing Committee for Biomedical Engineering and Science Initiative, National Chiao-Tung University, June 2009
18. Founder and Technical Chair of 1st Int’l Conference on Neuroprosthetic Devices – Today and Tomorrow, March 19-20, 2009, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan (http://www.bsrc.nctu.edu.tw/ICND/index.php)
19. Associate Editor, IEEE Trans. Biomedical Engineering since 2008
20. International Advisory Board, Research Institute of Nanodevice and Bio Systems, Hiroshima University, Japan, 2008- present
21. Guest Editor for IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Technique (MTT) for Special Issue on RF and Microwave Techniques in Wireless Implants and Biomedical Applications, August 2009
22. Guest Editor for IEEE Proceedings Special Issue on Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems, July, 2008
23. Member of Committee of Visitors, Office of Science, Department of Energy, USA, 2008
24. Founder of Taiwanese Engineering, Medicine, and Business Association (TWBMEA), April 2008
25. 2007 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Best Evening Session Award, February 2008
26. Keynote Speaker of Chinese Bioscience Association Annual Conference, September 2007.
27. NASA Achievement Award on Low Power SOI Transceiver for Mars Exploration, August 2007.
28. Founder and Honorary Director, Biomimetic Systems Research Center, Nat’l Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan June 2007.
29. National Chiao-Tung University (Taiwan) Outstanding Alumni Award, April 2006.
30. Chair Professor, National Chiao-Tung University (Taiwan), February 2006.
31. Master Lecturer, University of Taiwan System, April 2005.
32. White House/VA Conference on Emerging Technologies for New Freedom Initiative invitee, 2004.
33. Semiconductor Research Corp Invention Award, 2003
34. University of Florida, Barr System Distinguished Lecture, September 27, 2002.
35. Research result and picture of retinal prosthesis is adopted in a biology textbook entitled “Biologie Overal VWO NG/3”, Published by Educative Partners Nederland, Netherland, 2001
36. Special invited research seminar entitled “Research to Develop an Artificial Retina,” at National Science Foundation, Nov. 22, 2000
37. Semiconductor Research Corp Invention Award, 2003, 2000.
38. Technology Breakthrough reported by Japan Nikkei Microdevices and Newton Magazines.
39. SRC/UMC/Novellus Copper Design Contest Judge, 1999-2000
40. President Clinton’s State of Union Address – “Scientists are also working on artificial retina to help people to see …” January 2000
41. Retinal Prosthesis Project – one of the three most successful projects sponsored by NSF. In April 2000, NSF had requested the research team to write a monograph and produce a film about the project for US Congress
42. Dr. Liu’s work on Retinal Prosthesis Project has brought national and international recognition to UCSC and NCSU both in the technical literature and in the popular press and broadcast media. It has been widely reported by international news media, major USA TV networks (such as ABC, BBC, NBC, CBS, PBS), as well as international TV networks. The research was the headline news by AP on December 8, 1999 and was reported in the front page of Washington Post on December 8, 1999. The News and Observers has published an editorial on this research entitled “Rewards of Campus ‘Vision’” on December 11, 1999.
43. Alcoa Foundation Distinguish Engineering Research Award, College of Engineering, NC State University, May 1999
44. Recognition by North Carolina Senate, June 21, 1999 “Upon motion of Senator Dalton, the Chair extends courtesies of the gallery to Dr. Wentai Liu, of North Carolina State University, Dr. Mark Humayun, of Johns Hopkins University, and Chris DeMarco, of North Carolina State University, inventors of Retinal Microchip Project to restore vision to the blind.”
45. PhD student’s (Elliot McGucken) dissertation received the second place ($20,000) in Merril Lynch “Innovation Grant” Worldwide Competition (1998)
46. NCSU College of Engineering Citation for Service and Contribution, Aug. 15, 1997
47. Keynote Speaker - 8th VLSI/CAD Symposium, Aug. 1997, Taiwan
48. Keynote Speaker - 7th VLSI/CAD Symposium, Aug. 1996, Taiwan
49. Semiconductor Research Corporation Inventor Award, March 1993. 1990
50. IEEE/ACM Design Automation Academic Scholarship Award, June 1990
51. IEEE Computer Society Outstanding Paper Award: "Quad tree Problems with Two-Dimensional Shuffle Exchange Network," June 1986
52. 1985 IEEE/ACM Design Automation Academic Scholarship Award, June 1985
53. Junior Faculty Research Award by University of North Carolina System and Bell Northern Research Inc - April 1986, and April 1987
54. CICE Graduate Fellowship: University of Michigan, 1980 – 1982.
55. Government Fellowship: Rank first in the field of Information Sciences, the Annual Government Fellowship Examination for Studying Aboard, Ministry of Education, Taiwan, Aug. 1975

Publications

1. Ying Li, Jing Qin, Yue-Loong Hsin, Stanly Osher, and Wentai Liu, “s-SMOOTH: Sparcity and smoothness enhanced EEG brain tomography,” Frontiers of Neuroscience, Nov. 2016,  https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00543
2. Wentai Liu, “Introduction to the Special Bio-Section of the 2016 International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC),” Editorial, IEEE JSSC, Nov. 2016, DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2016.2608159
3. Yikai Lo, Yencheng Kuan, Stan Culaculli, Brian Kim, and Wentai Liu, “A Wireless SoC for Motor Function Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury,” IEEE Trans. Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2016, (invited paper for Special Issue)
4. Chih-Wei Chang, Yue-Loong Hsin, and Wentai Liu, ”A spatially focused method for high density electrode- based functional brain mapping applications,” IEEE Trans. Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Technology (IEEE TNSRE), 2016, DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2016.2537146
5. Y. Lo, J. Wagner, C. Chang, J. D. Rouch, J. Dunn, W. Liu, “Single-Electrode Colon Stimulation and Impedance Monitoring in an Intestinal Aganglionosis Model,” Gastroenterology, vol. 148, no. 4, pp. S-121–S-122, April 2015
6. Y. Kuan, Y. Lo, Y. Kim, M. F. Chang, and W. Liu, "Wireless Gigabit Data Telemetry for Large-Scale Neural Recording," IEEE J. Biomedical and Health Informatics, March, 2015.
7. Y. Lo, K. Chen, and W. Liu, “An on-chip quad-voltage power telemetry for biomedical implants,” IEEE Trans. Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Jan, 2015
8. J. Xu, T. Wu, W. Liu, and Z. Yang, “A frequency-shaping neural recorder with 3-pF input capacitance and 15.5-bit dynamic range,” IEEE Trans on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 510-527, 2014. 10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2293821
9. Y. Lo, K. Chen, and W. Liu, “A fully integrated high compliance voltage SoC for epiretinal and neural prosthesis,” IEEE Trans. On Biomedical Circuits and Systems (TBCAS), vol. 7, no.6, pp. 761-772, Dec. 2013. 10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2297695
10. K. Chen, Y. Lo, Z. Yang, J. Weiland, M. Humayun, and W. Liu, “A system verification platform for high density epiretinal prosthesis” IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2012, 10.1109/TBCAS.2012.2200103
11. Z. Yang, W. Liu, M. Keshtkaran, Y. Zhou, J. Xu, V. Pikov, C. Guan, Y. Lian, “A new EC-PC threshold estimation method for in vivo neural spike detection,” Journal of Neural Engineering, 9 (2012), doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/4/046017
12. G. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Tang, and W. Liu, “Analysis of dual band power and data telemetry for biomedical implants,” IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 208-215, 2012
13. K. Huang, Y. Zhou, X. Wu, W. Liu, and Z. Yang, "Design and Optimization of Inductive Power Link for Biomedical Applications," Intech, 2011
14. Y. Han, W. Liu, Y.L. Hsin, T. Harnold, “ICA based seizure detection algorithm and its clinical applications,”
15. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America (edited by E. Chang), 2011 (invited).
16. Z. Yang, E. Keefer, Q. Zhao, L. Hoang, and W. Liu, " 1/f Neural Noise Reduction and Spike Feature Extraction using a Subset of Informative Samples," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol: 39, issue: 4, pp: 1264-1277, 2011.
17. K. Chen, Z. Yang, L. Hoang, J. Weiland, M. Humayun and W. Liu “An Integrated 256-channel Epiretinal Prosthesis,” IEEE J. of Solid State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 9., Sept. 2010.
18. Z. Yang, Q. Zhao, E. Keefer and W. Liu, "Noise Characterization, Modeling, and Reduction for In Vivo Neural Recording," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS22), pp. 2160-2168, 2010
19. E. Basham, Z. Yang, and W. Liu, "Circuit and Coil Design for In Vitro Magnetic Neural Stimulation Systems," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (TBCAS), volume: 3, pp. 321-331, October 2009.
20. M. Chae, Z. Yang, W. Liu, “A 128-Channel 6mW Wireless Neural Recording IC with On-the-fly Spike Sorting and UWB transmitter,” IEEE Trans. on Neural Engineering and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 14, no. 9. 2009
21. Z. Yang, Q. Zhao and W. Liu, “Neural Signal Classification Using a Simplified Feature Set with Energy Based Non-parametric Clustering,” Neurocomputing, volume: 73, pp. 412-422, December 2009
22. Z. Yang, Q. Zhao and W. Liu, "Improving Spike Separation Using Waveform Derivative," Journal of Neural Engineering, 10.1088/1741-2560/6/4/046006, July 2009.
23. Z. Yang, Q. Zhao and W. Liu, "Spike Feature Extraction Using Informative Samples," Spotlight presentation,
24. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS21), pages 1865 - 1872, 2009.
25. W. Liu, M. Humayun, and M. Liker, “Implantable Biomimetic Microelectronics Systems,” IEEE Proceedings, pp. 1073-1075, vol. 96, no. 7, 2008
26. M. Chae, and W. Liu, “Design Optimization for Integrated Neural Recording Systems,” IEEE Journal of Solid- State Circuits, 2008
27. M. Zhou and W. Liu, “A Non-Coherent DPSK Data Receiver with Interference Cancellation for Dual-Band Transcutaneous Telemetries,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2008
28. K. Cockerham, W. Liu, L. Crow, M. Sivaprakasam, A. Olmos, M. Oehleberg, O. Pantchenko and S. Aro, “The Application of Nano-Technology and Engineering in Medicine: A New Paradigm for Facial Muscle Reanimation,” Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2008
29. Z. Yang, W. Liu and E. Basham, “Optimization of Coils for Biomedical Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Volume: 43, Pages: 3851 – 3860, October 2007.
30. M. R. Yuce and W. Liu, “Design and performance of a wideband sub-sampling front-ends for multi-standard software radios,” International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Elsevier, March 2007.
31. M. R. Yuce, W. Liu, J. Damiano, B. Bharat, P. D. Franzon and N. S. Dogan, “SOI CMOS implementation of a multirate PSK receiver for space communications” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, February 2007.
32. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, “A 16Gb/s Adaptive Bandwidth Bus Based on Hybrid Current/Voltage Mode Signaling Repeaters,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume: 41, Pages: 461 – 473, Feb. 2006.
33. W. Liu and M. Sivaprakasam, “IC Technology Challenges for Implantable Devices,” Future Fab International, Volume: 20, Pages: 17 – 19, January 2006. (Invited)
34. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, G. Wang, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Architecture Tradeoffs in High Density Microstimulators for Retinal Prosthesis,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I, Special Issue on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Volume: 52, Pages: 2629 – 2641, December 2005.
35. M. Yuce, W. Liu, “A low power multirate DPSK receiver for space applications,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Volume: 54, Pages: 2074 – 2084, November 2005.
36. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. Granacki, J. LaCoss, J. Wills, “Microelectronics Design for Implantable Wireless Biomimetic Microelectronic Systems,” IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, Volume: 24, Pages: 66 – 74, September 2005. (Invited)
37. G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, and G. A. Kendir, “Design and Analysis of an Adaptive Transcutaneous Power Telemetry for Biomedical Implants,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I, Volume: 52, Pages: 2109 – 2117, October 2005.
38. J. D. Weiland, W. Liu and M. Humayun, “Retinal Prosthesis,” Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume: 7, August 2005. (Invited)
39. G. A. Kendir, W. Liu, G. Wang, M. Sivaprakasam, R. Bashirullah, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland, “An Optimal Design Methodology for Inductive Power Link with Class-E Amplifier,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I, Volume: 52, Pages: 857 – 866, May 2005.
40. M. Sivaprakasam, W. Liu, M. S. Humayun, and J. D. Weiland, “A Variable Range Bi-Phasic Current Stimulus Driver Circuitry for an Implantable Retinal Prosthetic Device,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Volume: 40, Pages: 763 – 771, March 2005.
41. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, R. Cavin, and D. Edwards, “A Hybrid Current/Voltage Mode On-Chip Signaling Scheme With Adaptive Bandwidth Capability,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume: 12, Pages: 876 – 880, August 2004.
42. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, P. R. Singh, R. Bashirullah, and G. Wang, "Electronic Visual Prostheses," Artificial Organs, Volume: 27, Pages: 986 – 995, November 2003.
43. S. DeMarco, W. Liu, P. R. Singh, G. Lazzi, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, “An Arbitrary Waveform Stimulus Circuit for Visual Prostheses using a Low Area Multibias DAC,” IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Oct. 2003
44. S. C. Demarco, G. Lazzi, W. Liu, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0.25-mm 2-D Model of the Human Eye and Head in Response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator – Part II: Models and Methods,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume: 51, Pages: 2286 – 2295, September 2003.
45. S. C. Demarco, G. Lazzi, W. Liu, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0.25-mm 2-D Model of the Human Eye and Head in Response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator – Part I: Models and Methods,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Volume: 51, Pages: 2274 – 2285, September 2003.
46. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, and R. Cavin III, "Current-Mode Signaling in Deep Submicron Global Interconnects," IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume: 11, Pages: 406 – 417, June 2003.
47. R. Bashirullah, W. Liu, “Raised Cosine Approximation Signaling for Reduced Noise Cross-talk,” IEE Electronic Letters, vol. 38, no. 21, pp. 1256-1258, Oct. 10, 2002
48. E. Margalit, M. Maia, J. Weiland, R. Greenberg, G. Fujii , G. Torres, D. Piyathaisere, T. O'Hearn, W. Liu, G. Lazzi, G. Dagnelie, D. Scribner, E. de Juan Jr, M. Humayun, “Retinal Prosthesis for the Blind,” Survey of Ophthalmology, 47(4):335-356. 2002.
49. J. Rizzo, J. Wyatt, M. Humaun, E. de Juan Jr., W. Liu, A. Chow, R. Eckmiller, E. Zrenner, T. Yagi, G. Abrams, “Editorial: Retinal Prosthesis an Encouraging First Decade with Major Challenges Ahead,” Ophthalmology 2001, Jan: 108(1): 13-14
50. W. Liu, M. Humayun, K. Vichienchom, M. Clements, S. DeMarco, E. McGucken, C. Hughes, E. de Juan, J. Weiland, R. Greenberg, “A Core Component for Neuro Stimulus with Telemetry Unit,” IEEE Journal of Solid- State Circuits, vol. 35, pp. 1487-1497, October 2000.
51. W. Liu, and M. Humayun, “Visual Prosthesis to Benefit Visual Impaired,” Nikkei Microelectrode Device, pp. 52-53, July 2000
52. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, “Integrated Parametric Timing Optimization for Digital Systems,” IEEE Trans. on Computer Aided Circuit Design, April 2000
53. G. Bilbro, L. Hall, M. Clements, and W. Liu," Convolution, Deconvolution, and Mean Field Annealing for Analog VLSI," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems-II, pp. 120-128, vol. 46, 1999
54. W. Burleson, M. Ciesielski, F. Klass, and W. Liu, "Wave-Pipelining: A Tutorial and Survey of recent research," IEEE Transaction on VLSI, pp. 464-474, vol. 6, Sept. 1998
55. J. Kang, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "A CMOS High Speed Data Recovery Circuit Using the Matched Delay Sampling Technique," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1588-1596, Oct. 1997.
56. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, P. Franzon, and R. Cavin, "Clocking Optimization and Distribution in Digital Systems with Scheduled Skews," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, vol. 16, pp. 131-147, 1997.
57. G. Moyer, M. Clements, W. Liu, T. Schaffer, and R. Cavin, "The Delay Vernier Pattern Generation Technique," vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 551 - 562, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, April 1997.
58. G. Moyer, M. Clements, and W. Liu, "Precise Delay Generation Using the Vernier Technique," Electronics Letters, vol. 32, no. 18, pp. 1658 - 1659, Aug. 1996.
59. W. van Noije, W. Liu, and J. Navarro, "Precise Final State Determination of Mismatched CMOS Latches,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 607-611, 1995.
60. W. Liu, C. Gray, D. Fan, W. Farlow, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "A 250-MHz Wave Pipelined Adder in 2-um CMOS," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1117-1128, September 1994.
61. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Timing Constraints for Wave-Pipelined Systems," IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 987-1004, August 1994.
62. C.  Gray,  W.  Liu,  and  R.  Cavin,  "Accurate  Path  Delay  Calculation  by  Considering  Data  Dependency," Integration: the Journal of VLSI, vol. 17, pp. 1-23, August 1994.
63. C. Gray, W. Liu, W. van Noije, T. Hughes, and R. Cavin, "A Sampling Technique and its CMOS Implementation with 1 GBit/s Bandwidth and 25 ps Resolution," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 340-349, March 1994.
64. M. Clements, W. Liu, J. Kang, and R. Cavin, "Very High Speed Continuous Sampling Using Matched Delay," Electronic Letters, vol.30, no. 6, pp. 463-464, March 1994.
65. W. Liu, S. Chen, and R. Cavin, "Exploiting Bit Level Concurrency in Real-Time Geometric Features," IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 539-546, March 1993.
66. T. Hildebrandt, and W. Liu, "Optical Recognition of Handwritten Chinese Characters: Advances since 1980," Pattern Recognition, pp. 205-226, no. 2, vol. 26, February 1993.
67. M. Stallmann, T. Hughes, and W. Liu, "Unconstrained Via Minimization for Topological Multilayer Routing," IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, pp. 970-980, no.9, vol. 9, September 1990.
68. D. van den Bout, P. Franzon, J. Paulos, T. Miller, W. Snyder, H. Nagle, and W. Liu, "Scalable VLSI Implementation for Feed-forward and Recurrent Neural Networks," Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, Jan 1990.
69. G. Mei, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Quadtree Problems with Two-Dimensional Shuffle-Exchange Architecture, " International Journal of Computer Aided VLSI Design, pp. 437-467, no. 4, vol. 1, Dec. 1989.
70. W. Liu, T. Hildebrandt, and R. Cavin, "Hamiltonian Cycles in Shuffle-Exchange Network," IEEE Transaction on Computers, vol. 38, no.5, pp. 745-750, May 1989.
71. W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Rasterization Theory, Architectures, and Implementations for a Class of Two- Dimensional Problems," Integration: the VLSI Journal, vol. 6, pp. 179-199, 1988.
72. . Cavin and W. Liu, Emerging Technologies: Designing Low Power Digital Systems, ISBN-0-7803-3328-4, IEEE Press, 1996.
73. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, Wave Pipelining: Theory and CMOS Implementation, ISBN-0-7923-9398-8, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.
74. K. Chen, L. Zumhagen, K. Cockerham, W. Liu, “Eyelid reanimation prototype for facial nerve paralysis,” Neural Computation, Neural Devices and Prosthesis (Ed. Z. Ynag), Springer, 2014
75. Kejie Huang, Yin Zhou, Xiaobo Wu, Wentai Liu and Zhi Yang, Design and Optimization of Inductive Power Link for Applications, Applied Biomedical Engineering, Dr. Gaetano Gargiulo (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-256- 2, 2011
76. W. Liu and Z. Yang, “Neural prosthetic devices and nanotechnology,” Nanotechnology II: Global Prospects (edited by David Reisner), CRC Press, 2011.
77. Z. Yang, Y. Han, Y. Lo, L. Wu, K. Chen, J. Lao, and W. Liu, "Wireless Power and Data Telemetry System for Implantable and Wearable Electronics," Invited book chapter in Wireless Body Area Networks: Technology, Implementation and Applications, Pan Stanford Publishing, ISBN 978-981-431-6712, 2011
78. E. Basham, Z. Yang, N. Tchemodanov, W. Liu, "Magnetic stimulation of neural tissue: techniques and system design," in Implantable Neural Prosthesis-I, pp. 293-351, Springer. 2009, ISBN:978-0-387-77260-8. (Invited)
79. W. Liu, M. Chae, and Z. Yang, "Microelectronics for recording, stimulation and wireless telemetry," book chapter in Implantable Neural Prostheses: Part II. Techniques and Engineering Approaches, Springer New York, ISBN: 978-0-387-98119-2, pages 253-330, 2010. (Invited)
80. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, and M. Zhou, “Semiconductor based Implantable Prosthetic Devices,”
81. Wiley Handbook of Biomedical Engineering, John Wiley and Sons. (Invited)
82. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Challenges in realizing a Chronic High Resolution Artificial Sight Device,” Artificial Sight, M. S. Humayun, J. D. Weiland, E. Greenbaum, Eds. Biological and Medical Physics/Biomedical Engineering Series, New York: Springer. (Invited)
83. W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, G. Wang, M. Zhou, J. D. Weiland, and M. S. Humayun, “Development of an Intraocular Prosthesis to Benefit the Visually Impaired,” Visual Prosthetics and Ophthalmic Devices: New Hope in Sight, New Jersey: Humana Press, Inc. (Invited)
84. W. Liu, P. Singh, C. DeMarco, R. Bashirullah, M. Humayun, and J. Weiland, “Semiconductor-based Implantable Microsystems,” Chapter 6, in Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods (edited by W. Finn, and P. LoPresti), CRC Publishing Company (invited chapter), ISBN-0-8493-1100-4, December 2002
85. J. Weiland, M. Humayun, W. Liu, and R. Greenberg, “Stimulated Neural Activity,” Chapter 4, in Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods (edited by W. Finn, and P. LoPresti), CRC Publishing Company (invited chapter), ISBN-0-8493-1100-4, December 2002
86. W. Liu, M. Humayun, E. McGucken, E. de Juan, J. Weiland, C. DeMarco, “Multiple Unit Artificial Retinal Chipset System to Benefit the Visual Impaired,” Chapter 2, in Intelligent Systems for the Disabled (edited by N. Theodorescu), CRC Publishing Company (invited chapter), ISBN-0-8493-0140-8, December 2000
87. H. Hsieh, W. Liu, P. Franzon, and R. Cavin, "Clocking Optimization and Distribution in Digital Systems with Scheduled Skews," Clock Generation and Distribution Network, (edited by E. Friedman), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998
88. C. Gray, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Timing Constraints for Wave Pipelined Systems," in Clock Distribution Networks in VLSI Circuits and Systems, (edited by E. Friedman), pp. 170-187, IEEE Press, ISBN-0-7803-1058- 6, May 1995
89. W. Liu, R. Cavin, T. Schaffer, G. Moyer, S. Clements, J. Kang, J. Medero, and H. Hsieh, "Matched Delay Technique for High Speed Digital Design," in Low-Power HF Microelectronics: Integrating process, device and design for manufacturability, (edited by G. Machado), IEE Circuits and Systems Series, chapter 16, ISBN-0- 85296-874-4, April. 1996.
90. W. Liu, T. Hughes and T. Krakow "A Rasterization of Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform," chapter 26, in Signal Processing II, IEEE Press, 1986, (Editors: S. Kung and R. Owen)
91. G. Mei, W. Liu, and R. Cavin, "Synthesizing Irregular Iterative Algorithms with Array Architectures," chapter 41, in Signal Processing III, IEEE Press, 1988, (Editors: R. Brodersen and H. Moscovitz)
92. W. Liu, W. Batchelor, R. Cavin, and S. Chen, "A Bit Level Systolic Array for Real Time Two-Dimensional Moment Generation," pp. 449-458, Systolic Array Processors, Prentice-Hall, 1989, (Editors: J. McCanny, J. McWhirter, and E. Swartzlander).